The Centenary 1000

cycling race Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles. There are several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, and cycle speedway. Non-racing cycling sports in ...

was a one-week

road bicycle race Road bicycle racing is the cycle sport discipline of road cycling, held primarily on paved roads. Road racing is the most popular professional form of bicycle racing, in terms of numbers of competitors, events and spectators. The two most com ...

over seven stages covering . The race was run in 1934 as part of the celebrations of the Centenary of

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Queen Victoria (1819–1901), Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India * Victoria (state), a state of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, a provincial capital * Victoria, Seychelles, the capi ...

. The race was originally conceived along the lines of the Dunlop Grand Prix, won by

Hubert Opperman Sir Hubert Ferdinand Opperman, Order of the British Empire, OBE (29 May 1904 – 18 April 1996), referred to as Oppy by Australian and French crowds, was an Australian cyclist and politician, whose endurance cycling feats in the 1920s and 1930s ...

then aged 23, by 1h 20' and the concept for the race was covering with prizes exceeding £1,000, including a climb over

Mount Hotham Mount Hotham is a mountain located in the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range, in the Australian state of Victoria. The mountain is located approximately north east of Melbourne, from Sydney, and from Adelaide by road. The nearest ...

. The race attracted the top riders from Australia and New Zealand as well as Frenchmen

Paul Chocque Paul Chocque (14 July 1910 – 4 September 1949) was a French professional road bicycle racer. He won a silver medal at the 1932 Summer Olympics in team pursuit event. In 1934, Chocque traveled to Australia with Fernand Mithouard to compete in ...

and Fernand Mithouard and Italian

Nino Borsari Nino Borsari (14 December 1911 – 31 March 1996) was an Italian cyclist who won a gold medal in the 4000 metres team pursuit event at the 1932 Summer Olympics. Early life Borsari was born on 14 December 1911 in Cavezzo, Italy. His mother Ros ...

. The Australian riders included Opperman, Richard "Fatty" Lamb,

Ossie Nicholson Oserick Bernard "Ossie" Nicholson (1910 – 9 November 1965) was an Australian cyclist who twice held the World Endurance record for distance in a calendar year. Australian cycling career Nicholson was a professional cyclist in the years be ...

, Hefty Stuart,

Ern Milliken Ernest Milliken (1910 – 1992) was an Australian Road bicycle racing, Road racing cyclist who performed strongly in distance races and individual time trials. Career highlights ;1931 :Fastest Melbourne to Colac in world record time for : ...

, Horrie Marshall and Ken Ross. Also competing were riders who would come to prominence in the following years, including Alan Angus, Dean Toseland, Clinton Beasley and Bill Moritz. The only notable Australian absentee was

Frankie Thomas Frank Marion Thomas Jr. (April 9, 1921 – May 11, 2006), was an American actor, author and Contract bridge, bridge-strategy expert who played both lead and supporting roles on Broadway, in films, in post-World War II radio, and in early t ...

who had been suspended for 18 months. Nicholson had been suspended for 12 months for interfering with a rider making a record attempt but was able to have the suspension lifted in time to ride.. Efforts were made to also have Thomas’ suspension lifted, but to no avail. The New Zealand riders were Harry Watson, who had finished 2nd in the 1927 Dunlop Grand Prix, Len Hill and Alby Ralston. The championship title was won by Harry Cruise then aged 28, in 53 hours 50 minutes 32 seconds. As Mithouard did not finish stage 6, Cruise had a 3 minute margin going into the final stage and was able to maintain that margin, becoming the Australasian Road Champion. The handicap was won by D grade rider Ted Stubenrauch despite splintering a bone in his shoulder on stage 4.

Handicaps

The major races in Australia at the time were conducted as handicap races, including the Warrnambool to Melbourne and Goulburn to Sydney. There was a push for the race to be run on “continental lines", that is as a

scratch race A scratch race is a track cycling race in which all riders start together and the objective is simply to be first over the finish line after a certain number of laps. UCI regulations specify that a scratch race should be held over 15 km for ...

. The organisers however expressed concern that only a small number of riders could win in a scratch race and that the

Sydney to Melbourne championship race Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about 80 km (50 mi) from the Pacific Ocean in ...

had been ridden at a low speed of , "was a contest of tactics, not of speed and endurance" and that there was "loafing by the whole field of riders over many miles" of the final stage. The compromise was a graded handicap, with 30 riders graded on scratch and similar numbers in each of the other grades. By way of comparison the handicaps for the 1933 Warrnambool to Melbourne had 21 handicaps of between 10 and 70 minutes. The championship title was decided on aggregate time with bonus time deductions on each stage of 1' 30" for the fastest, 1' 00" for the second fastest and 0' 30" for the third fastest. The handicap title was to be determined by a complex point system, with 130 points for first through to 30 for 100th for most stages and the fifth stage to Omeo had an extra 20 points. The grade handicaps varied slightly from stage to stage as follows:

Prizes

When the event was announced in April 1934, it was promoted as having prizes over £1,000. The prizes grew steadily as the date approached. Ultimately there was £820 for the Handicap, £635 for the Championship The winner of the handicap and the championship each won £500 but the major difference between the two was that the handicap had prizes of £150 for 2nd down to £25 for 5th, while the championship only had a prize of £30 for 2nd and none for the lower places. There were small prizes for each stage together with prizes for town sprints. The scratch riders were even less likely to beat the handicap to win the town sprints. The richest stage was the mountainous fifth, with a pool of £140 on offer for the ride from Wangaratta to Omeo which included the climbs of

Mount Buffalo Mount Buffalo is a mountain plateau of the Australian Alps and is within the Mount Buffalo National Park in Victoria, Australia. It is located approximately northeast of Melbourne. It is noted for its dramatic scenery. The summit of the h ...

, Mount St Bernard and Hotham Heights. One condition of the race was that cycle traders were prohibited from offering a bonus or other inducement to competitors in the event of winning the race on his machine. It is not clear what this condition was meant to achieve and it did not stop cycle traders advertising the success of riders on their bicycles. The size of the championship prize was at the instigation of

Sidney Myer Sidney Myer (born Simcha Myer Baevski (, ); 8 February 18785 September 1934) was a Belarusian-born Australian businessman and philanthropist, best known for founding Myer, Australia's largest chain of department stores. Early life Myer was bor ...

who gave a gold cup valued at 100

guineas The guinea (; commonly abbreviated gn., or gns. in plural) was a coin, minted in Great Britain between 1663 and 1814, that contained approximately one-quarter of an ounce of gold. The name came from the Guinea region in West Africa, from where m ...

to go with the £500 provided by the Centenary Council. Myer also donated £500 for the handicap winner.

Stages

Stage 1: Melbourne – Warrnambool

Stage 1 on Saturday 20 October 1934 was a fresh take on the traditional Warrnambool route of being run in reverse direction from Melbourne to Warrnambool for only the second time. 107 riders started the race and all of them made it through to Warrnambool. Mithouard and Chocque both punctured, the later twice and Chocque was then involved in a collision before coming into Camperdown wrecking his bicycle which was replaced. Borsari had a slipping chain near

Little River Little River may refer to several places: Australia Streams New South Wales *Little River (Dubbo), source in the Dubbo region, a tributary of the Macquarie River * Little River (Oberon), source in the Oberon Shire, a tributary of Coxs River (Haw ...

but recovered to rejoin the A grade bunch, however Opperman's account of the stage was that the A grade riders rolled into Colac as a compact bunch, however they were sent away in straggling sections and without Borsari. Borsari again recovered and despite cramp in the legs he and Mithouard led into the Showgrounds at Warrnambool. Opperman states that publicity had been given to the finish of three laps on the track at Warrnambool only to find that the finish was half a lap after the entrance. The previous fastest time for this direction was 12h 53' 0" set by Jim Carpenter in 1895. This time was comfortably beaten, with the first riders completing the course in 6h 50' 35" and Horrie Marshall setting the fastest time of 6h 38' 05".

Stage 2: Warrnambool – Stawell

There was no race on Sunday with stage 2 on Monday 22 October 1934 covering a distance of . Just 8 of the 30 A Grade riders were together at the finish. In addition to punctures, there was a crash at a railway crossing a few miles from

Penshurst Penshurst is a historic village and civil parishes in England, civil parish located in a valley upon the northern slopes of the Weald, Kentish Weald, at the confluence of the River Medway and the River Eden, Kent, River Eden, within the Seveno ...

involving Nicholson, Joe Buckley and Bill Brewer. Buckley broke his

collar bone The clavicle, collarbone, or keybone is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on each side of the body. The clavicle is the ...

and had to abandon while Nicholson suffered a severe head injury, completing the stage despite suffering from

concussion A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, a brief ...

, but abandoning the race at Stawell. In the handicap race, Toseland and Hallett had a lead of 5 minutes of the rest of their group, with Toseland winning easily, well ahead of the A grade riders.

Stage 3: Stawell – Bendigo

Stage 3 was held on Tuesday 23 October 1934, covering . Given the strength of C and D Grade, their handicaps for this stage were reduced by 3 minutes. Chocque was in the lead at the

Ballarat Ballarat ( ) () is a city in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Ballarat had a population of 111,973, making it the third-largest urban inland city in Australia and the third-largest city in Victoria. Within mo ...

sprint when he was struck, causing him to crash, breaking his collarbone, forcing him to abandon. Despite the reduced handicap the C and D group were well in front, with J Savage finishing not only first, but also fastest, nearly 2 minutes up on A Grade. Stuart slipped his chain just a few miles from the finish, but managed to regain the group and won the sprint by inches.

Stage 4: Bendigo - Wangaratta

Stage 4 on Wednesday 24 October 1934 covered was the first time in which an A Grade rider beat the handicap to finish first. The original 107 riders were down to 91 at the start, with 9 riders having dropped out overnight. The Argus described it as the perfect handicap with riders from each of the grades in the 29 riders at the finish for the 2 lap sprint around Wangaratta showgrounds. Stuart, who had been leading the championship, broke a pedal and lost more than half an hour. Mithouard won the stage and with Stuart out of contention, took the lead in the championship. It was a tough day for leaders as the handicap leader Stubenrauch broke his rear wheel in a fall at

Benalla Benalla is a small city in the Hume (region), Hume region of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia. The town sits on the Broken River (Victoria), Broken River, about north east of the state capital Melbourne. As of the , the population wa ...

and had to wait over an hour for a replacement. Stubenrauch splintered a bone in his right shoulder, but was somehow able to continue the race.

Stage 5: Wangaratta - Omeo

The mountainous 5th stage on Thursday 25 October 1934 had been anticipated as the key stage of the race, covering and including the climbs of

, Mt St Bernard and Hotham Heights. The stage however was interrupted with a torrential downpours of rain hail and sleet and the race was suspended at Mount Buffalo, after covering around . The riders were accommodated at the Mount Buffalo Chalet as they were effectively marooned, with the road to Wangaratta under of water, the

Great Alpine Road The Great Alpine Road is a country tourist road in Victoria, Australia, running from Wangaratta in the north to Bairnsdale in the east, passing through the Victorian Alps. The road was given its current name because it was considered the mounta ...

over Mountt St Bernard was impassable and of snow fell at Mt Hotham. Milliken suffered a puncture on Mount Buffalo and had to wait more than an hour for a spare wheel. It was reported that he was almost frozen and he abandoned the race. The ride from

Wangaratta Wangaratta ( ) is a city in the northeast of Victoria, Australia, from Melbourne along the Hume Highway. The city had a population of 29,808 per the 2021 Australian Census. The city is located at the confluence, junction of the Ovens River, ...

to Mount Buffalo was not counted in either the championship or the handicap events so the overall standings remained as per Stage 4. The Sporting Globe listed the times for the Mount Buffalo hill climb and reported that the time for the A Grade riders were affected by the storm becoming more severe by the time they reached the climb.

Omeo - Sale

Stage 6 on Friday 26 October 1934 was meant to be a ride from Omeo to Sale, however as the riders had been unable to leave Mount Buffalo, at 10:15pm that night the organisers decided that the following stage would be from Mount Buffalo to Sale, a distance of . The revised stage included what the Argus described as the most arduous climb ever attempted in Australia being the climbs of Mt St Bernard and Hotham Heights as well as the increased distance of the stage, covering . Stuart did not start the stage. The stage was marred by numerous falls and punctures, which started on the descent from Mount Buffalo. Opperman's account of the stage included that "On the morning we left the Chalet the instructions to the riders were changed four times in half an hour. At first we were to be controlled down the hill, then the field were to be allowed to use their own discretion, and race down, and these instructions were cancelled and altered until no one felt sure exactly what was the case." Of the roads, Mithouard said "The climbs over Mt. Hotham were not very severe, but the condition of the road, washed into a rutted surface with sharp- edged stones forming knife-like obstructions for several miles, was too bad to expect men and bicycles to race over. The heavy rains and storms damaged the roads to such an extent that it was almost impossible to ride them without mishap". Mithouard had punctures and falls, one of which injured his leg, broke a wheel and spent 15 minutes waiting for a replacement. At Omeo Mithouard was tired and distressed and his bike needed repair and he withdrew. In addition to Mithouard there were numerous falls, including Jack Beasley, who fell into a flooded creek and had to be saved from drowning by another rider, Harry Woolrich and the New Zealander Len Hill had severe falls with Woolrich being put into the

hospice Hospice care is a type of health care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill patient's pain and symptoms and attending to their emotional and spiritual needs at the end of life. Hospice care prioritizes comfort and quality of life b ...

at Hotham Heights, Borsari cut his hand and Opperman also cut his hand requiring stitches, which he refused until after the stage. The trio of Opperman, Angus and Morgan battled on to Sale, losing 27 minutes on the stage to Lamb. Over a long and arduous stage Bert Williams won by 18 minutes and was the only rider to finish in daylight. The Sporting Globe again set out the times of each rider up the Mt St Bernard climb. Further there were valuable prizes on offer for the Alpine stage, which as it was not run in the intended manner had to be redistributed. While Omeo was no longer the end of a stage, the prizes were awarded to the riders as they entered the compulsory stop at Omeo.

Stage 7: Sale - Melbourne

After the difficulties of the previous two days, the final stage on Saturday 27 October 1934 Opperman had injured his knee in a fall in stage 4 near Wangaratta and injured it again in a fall whilst descending from Mount Hotham. He attempted to finish the race, but was forced to abandon at

Traralgon Traralgon ( , ) is a city located in the east of the Latrobe Valley in the Gippsland region of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia and the most populous city in the City of Latrobe and the region. The urban population of Traralgon at the ...

, said to be the first time Oppy had retired from a race. In the handicap, there were just six points separating Stubenrauch and Toseland, pointing to an exciting finish. At Berwick Toseland lost a pin from his chain, lost contact with the bunch and lost his chance at the £500. For the second time in the race C Grade set the fastest time of the race, with Howden leading the bunch. Stubenrauch finished with the bunch to win the handicap, while Duffy's second place was enough to see him snatch 2nd in the handicap from Toseland. Toseland had an impressive race in that, riding from C grade, he finished 9th in the championship, beating all of the B grade riders. In the championship Cruise had a few minutes lead over Watson and stayed in the safety of the bunch, keeping out of trouble in the sprint around Como Park. One indication of how hard the race was can be found in ride of Alan Angus. On stage 6 he finished with Opperman, losing some 27 minutes to Lamb. That was still enough however for Angus to finish in 6th place in the championship.

Notes

References

{{reflist, refs= {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184280210 , title=Great cycle road race for centenary , newspaper= Sporting Globe (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954) , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=11 April 1934 , page=10 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article135649443 , title=Case of Frank Thomas. , newspaper= The Referee , location=Sydney , date=16 January 1936 , page=19 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184281850 , title=Championship concurrent with Thousand , newspaper=

The Sporting Globe ''The Sporting Globe'' was a newspaper published in Melbourne from 1922 until 1996. Establishment The first issue of the paper was published on 22 July 1922 and, for the first four weeks, it was published only on Saturday evenings. On 16 Augu ...

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=2 May 1934 , page=12 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183739847 , title=Suspension Lifted , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=19 September 1934 , page=10 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10954246 , title=Thomas's Appeal , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=4 October 1934 , page=14 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183742349 , title=Young Bairnsdale Rider Wins First Stage of Great Centenary 1000. , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=20 October 1934 , page=2 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10990290 , title=Centenary Thousand , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=23 October 1934 , page=12 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10973790 , title=Centenary thousand surprise , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=24 October 1934 , page=19 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10971878 , title=Dominates Thousand , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=25 October 1934 , page=17 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183743008 , title=Centenary 1000 Results Championship , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=27 October 1934 , page=4 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10985830 , title=Sore Trial For Cyclists , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=27 October 1934 , page=18 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10957160 , title=Handicaps announced, thirty men on scratch , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=8 October 1934 , page=14 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183741394 , title=What Confronts "Centenary 1000" Riders , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=10 October 1934 , page=12 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183743411 , title=Official Placings For Race , newspaper=

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, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=5 September 1934 , page=10 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8884350 , title=Long distance cycling , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=16 December 1895 , page=6 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183742576 , title=How they finished , newspaper=

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, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=31 October 1934 , page=12 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183743421 , title=Cycle Race Unpleasant Event, Says "Oppy" , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=31 October 1934 , page=1 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183742595 , title=Nicholson Rode Unconscious After Severe Head Injury. , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=24 October 1934 , page=12 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183742678 , title=Alpine stages , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=24 October 1934 , page=14 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183742629 , title="Mountainous Fifth" Stage Real Test Of Race. , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=24 October 1934 , page=14 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10984147 , title=Cyclists delayed , newspaper= The Argus , location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=26 October 1934 , page=12 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183743392 , title=Strubenrauch's heady ride in rough conditions. , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=31 October 1934 , page=14 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183743370 , title=Study in times , newspaper=

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, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=27 October 1934 , page=4 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183743172 , title=Mithouard Reviews Race: Tribute to Australians , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=31 October 1934 , page=13 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183743088 , title=Borsari! Champion of the Alps. , newspaper=

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, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=31 October 1934 , page=12 , publisher=National Library of Australia {{cite news , url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184867088 , title=Opperman's Grand Prix Victory —Collects £400, Creates World's Record. , newspaper=

, location=Melbourne, Vic. , date=23 November 1927 , page=6 , publisher=National Library of Australia Cycling events in Victoria (state) 1934 in Australian sport 1934 in road cycling