''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the
grass family
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and ...
. Its species are native to many countries in
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...
,
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “sticky bur”. Such names allude to the sharp, spine-covered
burr
Burr may refer to:
Places
* Burr (crater), on the Jovian moon Callisto
*Burr, Minnesota, an unincorporated community, United States
* Burr, Missouri, an unincorporated community, United States
*Burr, Nebraska, a village, United States
* Burr, Sa ...
s characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus.
Some botanists include the genus within the related genus ''
Pennisetum
''Pennisetum'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. They are known commonly as fountaingrasses (fountain grasses).The Plant List search for Cenchrus /ref>
* ''
Cenchrus abyssinicus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
'' (Hack.) Morrone - Ethiopia, Tanzania, Yemen,
Limpopo
Limpopo is the northernmost province of South Africa. It is named after the Limpopo River, which forms the province's western and northern borders. The capital and largest city in the province is Polokwane, while the provincial legislature is ...
,
Mpumalanga
Mpumalanga () is a province of South Africa. The name means "East", or literally "The Place Where the Sun Rises" in the Swazi, Xhosa, Ndebele and Zulu languages. Mpumalanga lies in eastern South Africa, bordering Eswatini and Mozambique. It ...
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost ...
* ''
Cenchrus arnhemicus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
Cenchrus biflorus
''Cenchrus biflorus'' is a species of annual grass in the family Poaceae. Common names include Indian sandbur, ''Bhurat'' or ''Bhurut'' in India, ''Haskaneet'' in Sudan, ''Aneeti'' in the Arabic dialect of Mauritania, ''K 'arangiya'' in the ...
'' Roxb. – ''kram-kram'' - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Madagascar
* ''
Cenchrus brevisetosus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
Cenchrus brownii
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
'' Roem. & Schult. - North + South America, West Indies
* ''
Cenchrus caliculatus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
'' Cav. - Australia, New Zealand, assorted islands in Pacific + Indian Oceans
* '' Cenchrus ciliaris'' L. – buffelgrass - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Sicily; naturalized as a nutritious arid land pasture in parts of North and South America, Australia,Henry DR Pasture plants of Southern Inland Queensland. DPI. 1995 Southeast Asia, various islands; considered noxious weed in some places
* '' Cenchrus distichophyllus'' - Cuba
* ''
Cenchrus echinatus
''Cenchrus echinatus'' is a species of grass known by the common names southern sandbur, spiny sandbur, southern sandspur, and in Australia, Mossman River grass.Cenchrus elegans'' Veldkamp - Malesia
* ''
Cenchrus elymoides
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “sti ...
'' - Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
* ''
Cenchrus gracillimus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
'' Nash - West Indies, southeastern USA
* '' Cenchrus longispinus'' (Hack.) Fern. – mat sandbur - Canada, USA, Mexico
* ''
Cenchrus mitis
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
Cenchrus multiflorus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
'' J.Presl - Mexico, Central America
* ''
Cenchrus myosuroides
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
'' Kunth - North + South America, West Indies
* ''
Cenchrus palmeri
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...
'' Vasey -
Baja California
Baja California (; 'Lower California'), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California), is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 federal entities of Mex ...
,
Baja California Sur
Baja California Sur (; 'South Lower California'), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California Sur ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California Sur), is the least populated state and the 31st admitted state of the 32 federal ent ...
,
Sonora
Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora ( en, Free and Sovereign State of Sonora), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is divided into 72 municipalities; the ...
,
Sinaloa
Sinaloa (), officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Sinaloa ( en, Free and Sovereign State of Sinaloa), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 18 municipalities and ...
, Arizona
* ''
Cenchrus pennisetiformis
''Cenchrus pennisetiformis'', commonly known in Australia as the Cloncurry, white or slender buffel grass, is a species of grass in the genus ''Cenchrus''. It is native to parts of East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, a ...
'' Steud. - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent
* ''
Cenchrus pilosus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “sti ...
'' Kunth - from central Mexico to northern Chile
* ''
Cenchrus platyacanthus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “sti ...
Cenchrus prieurii
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “sti ...
'' -
Sahara
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, photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972
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, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent,
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
Cenchrus robustus
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “sti ...
'' - Queensland, New South Wales
* '' Cenchrus setaceus'' – tender fountain grass, crimson fountaingrass – northern Africa, southwestern Asia; naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, scattered places in Europe and the Americas
* '' Cenchrus setiger'' Vahl - Sahara, East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar,
Andaman & Nicobar
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India consisting of 572 islands, of which 37 are inhabited, at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The territory is about north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated fro ...
* ''
Cenchrus somalensis
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “sti ...
'' - Somalia
* ''
Cenchrus spinifex
''Cenchrus spinifex'', known commonly as the common sandbur, coastal sandbur, or stickerweed, is a perennial grass that grows from high in sandy or gravelly terrain. It is native to the southern United States southward into Mexico and the Carib ...
'' Cav. – coastal sandbur - North + South America, West Indies
* ''
Cenchrus tribuloides
''Cenchrus tribuloides'', the dune sandbur, is a grass common along the east coast of the mainland United States as well as Hawaii. It is also known as the sanddune sandbur, long-spine sandbur or sand-dune sandspur and is common in sandy, marshy, ...
'' L. – sanddune sandbur - North + South America, West Indies
; Formerly included
Several species are now considered better suited to other genera: '' Anthephora,
Centotheca
''Centotheca'' is a genus of African, Asian, and Pacific Island plants in the grass family.
; Species
* '' Centotheca lappacea'' (L.) Desv. - tropical western + central Africa; Madagascar, China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, numerous islands of t ...
Echinaria
''Echinaria'' is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family. The only known species is ''Echinaria capitata'', native to the Mediterranean Region as well as the Southwest and Central Asia (from Portugal and Morocco to Kaza ...
Hackelochloa
''Hackelochloa'' is a genus of Asian and African plants in the grass family.
The genus was named after Eduard Hackel, an Austrian botanist, by Otto Kuntze, in 1891.
Species
*''Hackelochloa granularis'' ( L.) Kuntze - sub-Saharan Africa; sout ...
,
Hilaria
The Hilaria (; Latin "the cheerful ones", a term derived from the borrowed adjective grc, ἱλαρός "cheerful, merry") were ancient Roman religious festivals celebrated on the March equinox to honor Cybele.
Origins
The term seems origi ...
,
Pennisetum
''Pennisetum'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. They are known commonly as fountaingrasses (fountain grasses).Phragmites
''Phragmites'' () is a genus of four species of large perennial reed grasses found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.
Taxonomy
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, maintained by Kew Garden in Lon ...
,
Scleria
''Scleria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. They are known commonly as nutrushes.
, Setaria, Trachys, Tragus, Tribolium''.
File:Sand spur with centimeter scale.jpg, Sand spur in front of a centimeter scale
File:Sandspurs 2.jpg, Sandspurs with 1mm markings
See also
*
List of Poaceae genera
The true grasses ( Poaceae) are one of the largest plant families, with around 12,000 species and roughly 800 genera. They contain, among others, the cereal crop species and other plants of economic importance, such as the bamboos, and several i ...