Celina Kofman
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Celina Kofman (1924 – 3 August 2020) was an
Argentine Argentines, Argentinians or Argentineans are people from Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their ...
human rights activist A human rights defender or human rights activist is a person who, individually or with others, acts to promote or protect human rights. They can be journalists, environmentalists, whistleblowers, trade unionists, lawyers, teachers, housing campai ...
. By profession, Celina Kofman was one of the important members of the organization that was launched in the 1970s in the midst of the
National Reorganization Process The National Reorganization Process ( PRN; often simply , "the Process") was the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983. In Argentina it is often known simply as the ("last military junta"), ("last military dictatorship") ...
, after her son was kidnapped. He was a member from 1978 to 2000, where he had responsibility for the former Concordia and Santa Fe subsidiaries.


Life

Celina Kofman also known as "Queca" was born in Entre Ríos a town in Villa Domínguez in 1924. She dedicated her life to teaching, a profession that she practiced in the city of Concordia. One of her sons was Jorge Oscar Kofman, a 23-year-old student and worker, the father of a child and another on the way, who was kidnapped and disappeared by murderous military men in Tucumán. He had already been detained during the so-called
Argentine Revolution The Argentine Revolution (Spanish: ''Revolución Argentina'') is the name given to the civil-military dictatorship that overthrew the constitutional president Arturo Illia through a coup d'état on June 28, 1966, and governed the country u ...
and was released when
Héctor Cámpora Hector () is an English, French, Scottish, and Spanish given name. The name is derived from the name of Hektor, a legendary Trojan champion who was killed by the Greek Achilles. The name ''Hektor'' is probably derived from the Greek ''ékhein'', m ...
took office on May 25, 1973. It is presumed that he was intercepted by a military patrol when he was traveling in a bus line from Tucumán to
Córdoba Córdoba most commonly refers to: * Córdoba, Spain, a major city in southern Spain and formerly the imperial capital of Islamic Spain * Córdoba, Argentina, the second largest city in Argentina and the capital of Córdoba Province Córdoba or Cord ...
on route 301. A lawyer who collaborated with his family was able to find out that he was injured in one knee, that he took refuge in the home of a family of peasants and, once restored, collaborated in cane harvesting tasks. Then they would have transferred him in a
sulky A sulky is a lightweight cart used for harness racing. It has two wheels and a small seat for only a single driver. The modern racing sulky has shafts that extend in a continuous bow behind the driver's seat, with wire-spoked "bike" wheels ...
to the route and began the trip to the province of Córdoba. It was the beginning of June 1975. After the kidnapping, Jorge was taken to the
Famaillá School Famaillá is a city in the province of Tucumán, Argentina, located 30 km south from the provincial capital San Miguel de Tucumán. It has 22,924 inhabitants as per the , and is the head town of the Famaillá Department. The city is called ...
, the first clandestine detention center in the country, lodged with other illegal
detainees Detention is the process whereby a State (polity), state or private citizen holds a person by removing or restricting their personal freedom, freedom or liberty at that time. Detention can be due to (pending) criminal charges against the indivi ...
and
interrogated Interrogation (also called questioning) is interviewing as commonly employed by law enforcement officers, military personnel, intelligence agencies, organized crime syndicates, and terrorist organizations with the goal of eliciting useful inf ...
under
torture Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons including corporal punishment, punishment, forced confession, extracting a confession, interrogational torture, interrogation for information, or intimid ...
. Between August and September, he was reportedly transferred to the Villa Urquiza prison and confined in a pavilion that at that time was intended for
political prisoners A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity. The political offense is not always the official reason for the prisoner's detention. There is no internationally recognized legal definition of the concept, although ...
(then later apparently murdered from there and his body later disappeared in the
death flights Death flights () are a form of extrajudicial killing in which victims are dropped to their deaths from airplanes or helicopters and their bodies land in oceans, large rivers or mountains. Death flights have been carried out by governments durin ...
which were flights that took captive activists, activists, disarmed militants, etc. and dropped them drugged to a watery death).3 Over time Celina became the Santa Fe reference of the
Mothers of Plaza de Mayo The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo () is an Argentine human rights association formed in response to abuses by the National Reorganization Process, the military dictatorship by Jorge Rafael Videla. Initially the association worked to find the ''desap ...
whose marches had the support of great figures such as that of
Alicia Moreau de Justo Alicia Moreau de Justo (October 11, 1885 – May 12, 1986) was an Argentine physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist. She was a leading figure in feminism and socialism in Argentina. Since the beginning of the 20th century, she go ...
. She organized the families of the victims of the
dictatorship A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no Limited government, limitations. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by a dictator, ...
, from the Assembly Permanent for Human Rights (APDH), family associations and then from Mothers of Plaza de Mayo. In 2001 she retired from the Mothers' organization due to some disagreements with some members of the institution, among them
Hebe de Bonafini Hebe María Pastor de Bonafini (4 December 1928 – 20 November 2022) was an Argentine activist who was one of the founders of the Association of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, an organization of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared ...
. In this regard, she used to say: "I no longer belong to the organization but all my life I will be a Mother of Plaza de Mayo. For this reason, I continue to wear the scarf. We in the interior of the country do not handle a single peso." 5 In 2008, she gave her strong opinion on the situation of hunger and children in Argentina: "In this country where food is abundant, where there is so much talk about the distribution of wealth and where 25 children die of hunger and malnutrition per day; children march so that governments can see them and be aware." "They are our children, it is our responsibility and moral duty to demand that the authorities end this." 6 In 2010 she asked for a call for a public trial for some journalists who collaborated with the past military dictatorship. In 2013, it was news when her house located in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, was attacked with offensive graffiti on the day that the Mothers celebrated the 36th anniversary of their first wheel. Fact that was repudiated by the Provincial Directive Council Association of State Workers (ATSA). In that same year, the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo were honored by SADOP at the Solar de las Artes, for
International Women's Day International Women's Day (IWD) is celebrated on 8 March, commemorating women's fight for equality and liberation along with the women's rights movement. International Women's Day gives focus to issues such as gender equality, reproductive righ ...
.7 Her other son, Hugo Alberto Kofman, presented a book titled ''Look at the Earth until you find yourself,'' which recounts the vicissitudes of the investigation that allowed in 2010 to find the remains of eight popular militants in a
mass grave A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may Unidentified decedent, not be identified prior to burial. The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of exec ...
in the San Pedro Military Camp in the province of Santa Fe. 8 Kofman died on 3 August 2020.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kofman, Celina Argentine women activists Argentine human rights activists 1924 births 2020 deaths People from Entre Ríos Province Place of death missing