
Celestial cartography, uranography,
astrography or star cartography is the aspect of
astronomy
Astronomy () is a natural science that studies astronomical object, celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and chronology of the Universe, evolution. Objects of interest ...
and branch of
cartography
Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an ...
concerned with mapping
star
A star is an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night, but their immense distances from Earth make ...
s,
galaxies
A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, dark matter, bound together by gravity. The word is derived from the Greek ' (), literally 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way galaxy that contains the Solar System. ...
, and other
astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists in the observable universe. In astronomy, the terms ''object'' and ''body'' are often us ...
s on the
celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, ...
. Measuring the position and light of charted objects requires a variety of instruments and techniques. These techniques have developed from angle measurements with
quadrants and the
unaided eye, through
sextant
A sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument that measures the angular distance between two visible objects. The primary use of a sextant is to measure the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon for the purposes of cel ...
s combined with lenses for light magnification, up to current methods which include computer-automated
space telescope
A space telescope or space observatory is a telescope in outer space used to observe astronomical objects. Suggested by Lyman Spitzer in 1946, the first operational telescopes were the American Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, OAO-2 launch ...
s. Uranographers have historically produced
planetary position tables, star tables, and
star maps Star map is another name for a star chart, a map of the night sky.
Star map(s) or starmap(s) may also refer to:
* ''Star Maps'' (film), a 1997 American drama
* ''Star Maps'' (album), a 1996 album by Possum Dixon
* "Star Maps", a song by Spoons f ...
for use by both
amateur and professional astronomers. More recently, computerized star maps have been compiled, and
automated positioning of
telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally meaning only an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to obse ...
s uses databases of stars and of other astronomical objects.
Etymology
The word "uranography" derived from the
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
"ουρανογραφια" (
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (; Koine el, ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος, hē koinè diálektos, the common dialect; ), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-reg ...
''ουρανος'' "sky, heaven" + ''γραφειν'' "to write") through the
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...
''"uranographia"''. In Renaissance times, ''Uranographia'' was used as the book title of various
celestial atlases. During the 19th century, "uranography" was defined as the "description of the heavens". Elijah H. Burritt re-defined it as the "geography of the heavens". The German word for uranography is "''Uranographie''", the French is "''uranographie''" and the Italian is "''uranografia''".
Astrometry
Star catalogues
A determining fact source for drawing star charts is naturally a star table. This is apparent when comparing the imaginative "star maps" of ''Poeticon Astronomicon'' – illustrations beside a narrative text from the antiquity – to the star maps of
Johann Bayer
Johann Bayer (1572 – 7 March 1625) was a German lawyer and uranographer (celestial cartographer). He was born in Rain, Lower Bavaria, in 1572. At twenty, in 1592 he began his study of philosophy and law at the University of Ingolstadt, ...
, based on precise star-position measurements from the ''
Rudolphine Tables
The ''Rudolphine Tables'' ( la, Tabulae Rudolphinae) consist of a star catalogue and planetary tables published by Johannes Kepler in 1627, using observational data collected by Tycho Brahe (1546–1601). The tables are named in memory of Rudolf ...
'' by
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe ( ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; generally called Tycho (14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive astronomical observations, generally considered to be the most accurate of his time. He was ...
.
Important historical star tables
* c:AD 150, ''
Almagest
The ''Almagest'' is a 2nd-century Greek-language mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy ( ). One of the most influential scientific texts in history, it cano ...
'' – contains the last known star table from antiquity, prepared by
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of import ...
, 1,028 stars.
* c.964, ''
Book of the Fixed Stars
''The Book of Fixed Stars'' ( ar, كتاب صور الكواكب ', literally ''The Book of the Shapes of Stars'') is an astronomical text written by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi) around 964. Following the translation movement in the 9th cen ...
'', Arabic version of the ''Almagest'' by
al-Sufi
ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Sufi ( fa, عبدالرحمن صوفی; December 7, 903 – May 25, 986) was an iranianRobert Harry van Gent. Biography of al-Sūfī'. "The Persian astronomer Abū al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn ‘Umar al-Sūfī was born in ...
.
* 1627, ''
Rudolphine Tables
The ''Rudolphine Tables'' ( la, Tabulae Rudolphinae) consist of a star catalogue and planetary tables published by Johannes Kepler in 1627, using observational data collected by Tycho Brahe (1546–1601). The tables are named in memory of Rudolf ...
'' – contains the first West Enlightenment star table, based on measurements of
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe ( ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; generally called Tycho (14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive astronomical observations, generally considered to be the most accurate of his time. He was ...
, 1,005 stars.
* 1690, ''
Prodromus Astronomiae
''Prodromus Astronomiae'' is a star catalog created by Johannes Hevelius and published posthumously by his wife and research aid Elisabeth Hevelius in 1690. The catalog consists of the location of 1,564 stars listed by constellation. It consists o ...
'' – by
Johannes Hevelius
Johannes Hevelius
Some sources refer to Hevelius as Polish:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Some sources refer to Hevelius as German:
*
*
*
*
*of the Royal Society
* (in German also known as ''Hevel''; pl, Jan Heweliusz; – 28 January 1687) was a councillo ...
for his ''Firmamentum Sobiescanum'', 1,564 stars.
* 1729, ''Britannic Catalogue'' – by
John Flamsteed
John Flamsteed (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal. His main achievements were the preparation of a 3,000-star catalogue, ''Catalogus Britannicus'', and a star atlas called '' Atlas C ...
for his
Atlas Coelestis
The ''Atlas Coelestis'' is a star atlas published posthumously in 1729, based on observations made by the First Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed.
The ''Atlas'' – the largest that ever had been published and the first comprehensive telescopi ...
, position of more than 3,000 stars by accuracy of 10".
* 1903, ''
Bonner Durchmusterung
In astronomy, Durchmusterung or Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) is an astrometric star catalogue of the whole sky, compiled by the Bonn Observatory in Germany from 1859 to 1903. The name comes from ('run-through examination'), a German word used for ...
'' – by
Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (22 March 1799 – 17 February 1875) was a German astronomer. He is known for his determinations of stellar brightnesses, positions, and distances.
Life and work
Argelander was born in Memel in the Kingd ...
and collaborators, circa 460,000 stars.
Star atlases
Naked-eye
* 15th century BC – The ceiling of the tomb
TT71
Theban Tomb TT71 is located in the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It was the tomb chapel of Senenmut, who was the steward and architect of Hatshepsut.
The chapel is located in the necropolis area around She ...
for the Egyptian architect and minister
Senenmut
Senenmut ( egy, sn-n-mwt, sometimes spelled Senmut, Senemut, or Senmout) was an 18th Dynasty ancient Egyptian architect and government official. His name translates literally as "mother's brother."
Family
Senenmut was of low commoner birth, ...
, who served Queen
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut (; also Hatchepsut; Egyptian: '' ḥꜣt- špswt'' "Foremost of Noble Ladies"; or Hatasu c. 1507–1458 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh, af ...
, is adorned with a large and extensive star chart.
* c:a 1 CE ?? ''
Poeticon astronomicon
''De Astronomica'', or the ''Astronomy'', also known as ''Poeticon Astronomicon'', is a book of stories whose text is attributed to "Hyginus", though the true authorship is disputed. During the Renaissance, the work was attributed to the Roma ...
'', allegedly by
Gaius Julius Hyginus
Gaius Julius Hyginus (; 64 BC – AD 17) was a Latin author, a pupil of the scholar Alexander Polyhistor, and a freedman of Caesar Augustus. He was elected superintendent of the Palatine library by Augustus according to Suetonius' ''De Gramma ...
* 1092 – ''Xin Yi Xiang Fa Yao'' (新儀 象法要), by
Su Song
Su Song (, 1020–1101), courtesy name Zirong (), was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman. Excelling in a variety of fields, he was accomplished in mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, horology, pharmacology, mineralogy, m ...
, a
horological
Horology (; related to Latin '; ; , interfix ''-o-'', and suffix ''-logy''), . is the study of the measurement of time. Clocks, watches, clockwork, sundials, hourglasses, clepsydras, timers, time recorders, marine chronometers, and atomic cloc ...
treatise which had the earliest existent
star map
A star chart is a celestial map of the night sky with astronomical objects laid out on a grid system. They are used to identify and locate constellations, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and planets. They have been used for human navigation since t ...
s in
printed
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...
form. Su Song's star maps also featured the corrected position of the
pole star
A pole star or polar star is a star, preferably bright, nearly aligned with the axis of a rotating astronomical body.
Currently, Earth's pole stars are Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris), a bright magnitude-2 star aligned approximately with its ...
which had been deciphered due to the efforts of astronomical observations by Su's peer, the
polymath
A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
scientist
Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544. was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). She ...
.
* 1515 – First European printed star charts published in Nuremberg, Germany, engraved by
Albrecht Dürer.
* 1603 – ''
Uranometria
''Uranometria'' is a star atlas produced by Johann Bayer. It was published in Augsburg in 1603 by Christoph Mangle (''Christophorus Mangus'') under the full title ''Uranometria: omnium asterismorum continens schemata, nova methodo delineata, a ...
'', by
Johann Bayer
Johann Bayer (1572 – 7 March 1625) was a German lawyer and uranographer (celestial cartographer). He was born in Rain, Lower Bavaria, in 1572. At twenty, in 1592 he began his study of philosophy and law at the University of Ingolstadt, ...
, the first western modern star map based on
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe ( ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; generally called Tycho (14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive astronomical observations, generally considered to be the most accurate of his time. He was ...
's and
Johannes Kepler's ''
Tabulae Rudolphinae
The ''Rudolphine Tables'' ( la, Tabulae Rudolphinae) consist of a star catalogue and planetary tables published by Johannes Kepler in 1627, using observational data collected by Tycho Brahe (1546–1601). The tables are named in memory of Rudolf ...
''
* 1627,
Julius Schiller
Julius Schiller (c. 1580 – 1627) was a lawyer from Augsburg, who like his fellow citizen and colleague Johann Bayer published a star atlas in celestial cartography.
In the year of his death, Schiller, with Bayer's assistance, published th ...
published the star atlas ''
Coelum Stellatum Christianum
The coelom (or celom) is the main body cavity in most animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs. In some animals, it is lined with mesothelium. In other animals, such as molluscs, it re ...
'' which replaced pagan constellations with biblical and early Christian figures.
* 1660 –
Jan Janssonius
Johannes Janssonius (1588, Arnhem – buried July 11, 1664, Amsterdam) (born Jan Janszoon, in English also Jan Jansson) was a Dutch cartographer and publisher who lived and worked in Amsterdam in the 17th century.
Biography
Janssonius was ...
' 11th volume of ''
Atlas Maior
The ''Atlas Maior'' is the final version of Joan Blaeu's atlas, published in Amsterdam between 1662 and 1672, in Latin (11 volumes), French (12 volumes), Dutch (9 volumes), German (10 volumes) and Spanish (10 volumes), containing 594 maps and ...
'' featured the ''
Harmonia Macrocosmica
The ''Harmonia Macrocosmica'' is a star atlas written by Andreas Cellarius and published in 1660 by Johannes Janssonius. The first part of the atlas contains copper plate prints depicting the world systems of Claudius Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copernic ...
'' by
Andreas Cellarius
Andreas Cellarius (–1665) was a Dutch–German cartographer and cosmographer best known for his 1660 '' Harmonia Macrocosmica'', a major star atlas.
Life
He was born in Neuhausen, and was educated in Heidelberg. The Protestant Cellariu ...
* 1693 – ''Firmamentum Sobiescanum sive Uranometria'', by
Johannes Hevelius
Johannes Hevelius
Some sources refer to Hevelius as Polish:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Some sources refer to Hevelius as German:
*
*
*
*
*of the Royal Society
* (in German also known as ''Hevel''; pl, Jan Heweliusz; – 28 January 1687) was a councillo ...
, a star map updated with many new star positions based on Hevelius's ''Prodromus astronomiae'' (1690) – 1564 stars.
Telescopic
* 1729 ''
Atlas Coelestis
The ''Atlas Coelestis'' is a star atlas published posthumously in 1729, based on observations made by the First Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed.
The ''Atlas'' – the largest that ever had been published and the first comprehensive telescopi ...
'' by
John Flamsteed
John Flamsteed (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal. His main achievements were the preparation of a 3,000-star catalogue, ''Catalogus Britannicus'', and a star atlas called '' Atlas C ...
* 1801 ''Uranographia'' by
Johann Elert Bode
Johann Elert Bode (; 19 January 1747 – 23 November 1826) was a German astronomer known for his reformulation and popularisation of the Titius–Bode law. Bode determined the orbit of Uranus and suggested the planet's name.
Life and career
B ...
* 1843 ''Uranometria Nova'' by
Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (22 March 1799 – 17 February 1875) was a German astronomer. He is known for his determinations of stellar brightnesses, positions, and distances.
Life and work
Argelander was born in Memel in the Kingd ...
Photographic
* 1914 ''Franklin-Adams Charts'', by
John Franklin-Adams
John Franklin-Adams (1843 – 1912) was a British astronomer and stellar cartographer. The minor planets 982 Franklina and 1925 Franklin-Adams are named after him.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin-Adams, John
19th-century British astron ...
, a very early photographic atlas.
* ''The Falkau Atlas'' (Hans Vehrenberg). Stars to magnitude 13.
* ''Atlas Stellarum'' (Hans Vehrenberg). Stars to magnitude 14.
* ''True Visual Magnitude Photographic Star Atlas'' (Christos Papadopoulos). Stars to magnitude 13.5.
* ''The Cambridge Photographic Star Atlas'', Axel Mellinger and Ronald Stoyan, 2011. Stars to magnitude 14, natural color, 1°/cm.
Modern
* ''Bright Star Atlas'' –
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
(stars to magnitude 6.5)
* ''Cambridge Star Atlas'' –
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
(Stars to magnitude 6.5)
*
''Norton's Star Atlas and Reference Handbook'' – Ed.
Ian Ridpath
Ian William Ridpath (born 1 May 1947, in Ilford, Essex) is an English science writer and broadcaster best known as a popularizer of astronomy and a biographer of constellation history. As a UFO sceptic, he investigated and explained the Rendl ...
(stars to magnitude 6.5)
* ''Stars & Planets Guide'' –
Ian Ridpath
Ian William Ridpath (born 1 May 1947, in Ilford, Essex) is an English science writer and broadcaster best known as a popularizer of astronomy and a biographer of constellation history. As a UFO sceptic, he investigated and explained the Rendl ...
and
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
(stars to magnitude 6.0)
* ''Cambridge Double Star Atlas'' – James Mullaney and
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
(stars to magnitude 7.5)
* ''Cambridge Atlas of Herschel Objects'' – James Mullaney and
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
(stars to magnitude 7.5)
* ''Pocket Sky Atlas'' – Roger Sinnott (stars to magnitude 7.5)
* ''Deep Sky Reiseatlas'' – Michael Feiler, Philip Noack (Telrad Finder Charts – stars to magnitude 7.5)
*
''Atlas Coeli Skalnate Pleso'' (Atlas of the Heavens) 1950.0 –
Antonín Bečvář
Antonín Bečvář (; 10 June 1901 – 10 January 1965) was a Czech astronomer who was active in Slovakia. He was born (and died) in Stará Boleslav. Among his chief achievements is the foundation of the Skalnaté Pleso Observatory and the ...
(stars to magnitude 7.75 and about 12,000 clusters, galaxies and nebulae)
* ''SkyAtlas 2000.0'', second edition –
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
& Roger Sinnott (stars to magnitude 8.5)
* 1987, ''Uranometria 2000.0 Deep Sky Atlas'' –
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
, Barry Rappaport, Will Remaklus (stars to magnitude 9.7; 11.5 in selected close-ups)
* ''Herald-Bobroff AstroAtlas'' – David Herald & Peter Bobroff (stars to magnitude 9 in main charts, 14 in selected sections)
* ''
Millennium Star Atlas
The ''Millennium Star Atlas'' was constructed as a collaboration between
a team at '' Sky & Telescope'' led by Roger Sinnott, and the European Space Agency's Hipparcos project, led by Michael Perryman. This 1997 work was the first sky atlas to i ...
'' – Roger Sinnott, Michael Perryman (stars to magnitude 11)
* ''Field Guide to the Stars and Planets'' –
Jay M. Pasachoff
Jay Myron Pasachoff (July 1, 1943 – November 20, 2022) was an American astronomer. Pasachoff was Field Memorial Professor of Astronomy at Williams College and the author of textbooks and tradebooks in astronomy, physics, mathematics, and other ...
,
Wil Tirion
Wil Tirion (born February 19, 1943) is a Dutch uranographer (celestial cartographer). His most famous work, ''Sky Atlas 2000.0'', is renowned by astronomers for its accuracy and beauty. The second edition of his most complete work, ''Uranometria ...
charts (stars to magnitude 7.5)
* ''SkyGX'' (still in preparation) – Christopher Watson (stars to magnitude 12)
* ''The Great Atlas of the Sky'' – Piotr Brych (2,400,000 stars to magnitude 12, galaxies to magnitude 18).
Computerized
100,000 Stars*
Cartes du Ciel
''Cartes du Ciel'' ("CDC" and "SkyChart") is a free and open source planetarium program for Linux, macOS, and Windows. With the change to version 3, Linux has been added as a target platform, licensing has changed from freeware to GPLv2 and the ...
*
Celestia
Celestia is a real-time 3D astronomy software program that was created in 2001 by Chris Laurel. The program allows users to virtually travel through our universe and explore real objects that have been catalogued. Celestia also doubles as a ...
3D Galaxy MapCyberSky*
Google Sky
Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and GIS data onto a 3D globe, allowing users ...
*
KStars
KStars is a freely licensed planetarium program using the KDE Platform. It is available for Linux, BSD, macOS, and Microsoft Windows. A light version of KStars is available for Android devices. It provides an accurate graphical representation o ...
*
Stellarium
A stellarium is a three-dimensional map of the stars, typically centered on Earth. They are common fixtures at planetarium
A planetarium ( planetariums or ''planetaria'') is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entert ...
*
SKY-MAP.ORG
Sky-Map.org (or WikiSky.org) is a wiki and interactive sky map that covers more than half a billion celestial objects. Users can view the whole star sky at once and zoom in to view areas in greater detail. WikiSky includes many stars, galaxies, ...
SkyMap Online*
WorldWide Telescope
WorldWide Telescope (WWT) is an open-source set of applications, data and cloud services, originally created by Microsoft Research but now an open source project hosted on GitHub. The .NET Foundation holds the copyright and the project is managed ...
*
XEphem
XEphem is a Motif (software), Motif based ephemeris and planetarium program for Unix-like operating systems developed by Elwood Charles Downey, Elwood C. Downey.
History
XEphem started as a Unix and Motif conversion of the IBM PC-based '. It was i ...
, for Unix-like systems
*
Stellarmap.com – online map of the stars
*
Star Walk
''Star Walk'' is an educational astronomy application developed by Vito Technology which allows users to explore celestial objects in real time through the screen of their devices. The application has been presented within the mobile software mar ...
and
Kepler Explorer OpenLab
Johannes Kepler (; ; 27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws o ...
: 2 celestial cartography apps for smartphones
*
SpaceEngine
SpaceEngine (stylized as SPΛCE ΞNGINE) is an interactive 3D planetarium and astronomy software developed by Russian astronomer and programmer Vladimir Romanyuk. It creates a 1:1 scale three-dimensional planetarium representing the entire observ ...
Free and printable from files
The TriAtlas ProjectToshimi Taki Star AtlasesAndrew Johnson mag 7
See also
*
Star chart
A star chart is a celestial map of the night sky with astronomical objects laid out on a grid system. They are used to identify and locate constellations, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and planets. They have been used for human navigation since ...
*
Astrometry
Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way.
Histor ...
*
Cosmography
The term cosmography has two distinct meanings: traditionally it has been the protoscience of mapping the general features of the cosmos, heaven and Earth; more recently, it has been used to describe the ongoing effort to determine the large-sca ...
*
Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido
Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido (; ) is a fourteenth-century Korean star map, copies of which were spread nationwide in the Joseon Dynasty. The name is sometimes translated as the "chart of the constellations and the regions they govern."
King Ta ...
*
History of cartography
The history of cartography refers to the development and consequences of cartography, or mapmaking technology, throughout human history. Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans to explain and navig ...
*
Planetarium
A planetarium ( planetariums or ''planetaria'') is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation.
A dominant feature of most planetarium ...
*
PP3
PP3 is free software that produces sky charts, focussing on high quality graphics and typography. It is distributed a license based on the MIT License, but with this restriction added:
Sky charts are produced as LaTeX files, so an installation ...
References
External links
Star Mapsfrom Ian Ridpath's ''Star Tales'' website.
The Mag-7 Star Atlas Project an extensive collection of 51 star maps and other astronomy related books stored as a multitude of images.
Monthly star maps for every location on Earth Easy to use monthly star maps for northern and southern hemispheres. Helpful target lists for naked eye, binocular, or telescope viewing.Collection of rare star atlases, charts, and maps{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232350/http://contentdm.lindahall.org/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=%2Fstar_atlas , date=2018-03-25 available in full digital facsimile at
Linda Hall Library
The Linda Hall Library is a privately endowed American library of science, engineering and technology located in Kansas City, Missouri, sitting "majestically on a urban arboretum." It is the "largest independently funded public library of scien ...
.
Navigable online map of the stars Stellarmap.com.
* The Digital Collections of the
Linda Hall Library
The Linda Hall Library is a privately endowed American library of science, engineering and technology located in Kansas City, Missouri, sitting "majestically on a urban arboretum." It is the "largest independently funded public library of scien ...
include:
*
"Astronomy: Star Atlases, Charts, and Maps" a collection of more than 60 star atlas volumes.
*
"Astronomy: Selected Images a collection of high-resolution star map images.
*
"History of Cosmology: Views of the Stars" high-resolution scans of prints relating to the study of the structure of the cosmos.
*
*
Works about astronomy
el:Άτλας Ουρανού