''Celaenorrhinus'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
skipper butterflies
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilion ...
which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is
also used for related genera. They are the
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* ...
genus of
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
Celaenorrhinini
The Celaenorrhinini are a tribe of spread-winged skippers in the skipper butterfly subfamily Tagiadinae.
These skippers are mainly found in tropical Africa. A few are found in Asia, and some species presently placed in the (paraphyletic) type g ...
.
''Celaenorrhinus''
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
are found in most
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...
regions. However, rather than a
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
genus the group appears to be a
paraphyletic
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...
assemblage, and will probably be split up in the future.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus ''Celaenorrhinus'' and are split into three large
species group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
s:
;Africa species group
*''
Celaenorrhinus ambra''
Evans, 1937
*''
Celaenorrhinus ankasa''
Larsen & Miller, 2005
*''
Celaenorrhinus aureus''
Collins & Larsen, 2005
*''
Celaenorrhinus bakolo''
Miller, 1964
*''
Celaenorrhinus beni
''Celaenorrhinus beni'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Subspecies
*''Celaenorrhinus beni beni'' (Democratic Republic of the Congo: north-eas ...
''
Bethune-Baker, 1908
*''
Celaenorrhinus bettoni''
Butler, 1902
*''
Celaenorrhinus boadicea''
(Hewitson, 1877)
*''
Celaenorrhinus chrysoglossa''
(Mabille, 1891)
*''
Celaenorrhinus cordeironis
''Celaenorrhinus cordeironis'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a sepa ...
''
Kielland, 1992
*''
Celaenorrhinus dargei
''Celaenorrhinus dargei'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate ...
''
Berger, 1976
*''
Celaenorrhinus galenus
''Celaenorrhinus galenus'', also known as the common orange sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, from Cameroon to Ethiopia and to Ta ...
''
(Fabricius, 1793)
*''
Celaenorrhinus handmani
''Celaenorrhinus handmani'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separat ...
''
Collins & Congdon, 1998
*''
Celaenorrhinus hecqui
''Celaenorrhinus hecqui'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae.
Habitat
It is found in Ituri
Ituri Province ( in Swahili language, Swahili) is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the S ...
''
Berger, 1976
*''
Celaenorrhinus homeyeri
''Celaenorrhinus homeyeri'', commonly known as Homeyer's sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The ...
''
(Plötz, 1880)
*''
Celaenorrhinus humbloti
''Celaenorrhinus humbloti'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found on Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smalle ...
''
(Mabille, 1884)
*''
Celaenorrhinus illustris
''Celaenorrhinus illustris'', commonly known as the illustrious sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflie ...
''
(Mabille, 1891)
*''
Celaenorrhinus illustroides
''Celaenorrhinus illustroides'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a sep ...
''
Miller, 1971
*''
Celaenorrhinus intermixtus
''Celaenorrhinus intermixtus'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
Subspecies
*''Celaenorrhinus intermix ...
''
Aurivillius, 1896
*''
Celaenorrhinus kasai
''Celaenorrhinus kasai'' is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate s ...
''
Evans, 1956
*''
Celaenorrhinus kimboza''
Evans, 1949
*''
Celaenorrhinus kivuensis''
Joicey & Talbot, 1921
*''
Celaenorrhinus leona''
Berger, 1975
*''
Celaenorrhinus lourentis''
de Jong, 1976
*''
Celaenorrhinus macrostictus''
Holland, 1893
*''
Celaenorrhinus meditrina''
(Hewitson, 1877)
*''
Celaenorrhinus milleri''
Collins & Larsen, 2003
*''
Celaenorrhinus nigropunctata''
Bethune-Baker, 1908
*''
Celaenorrhinus nimba''
Collins & Larsen, 2000
*''
Celaenorrhinus ovalis''
Evans, 1937
*''
Celaenorrhinus perlustris''
Rebel, 1914
*''
Celaenorrhinus plagiatus''
Berger, 1976
*''
Celaenorrhinus proxima''
(Mabille, 1877)
*''
Celaenorrhinus rubeho''
Kielland, 1990
*''
Celaenorrhinus sagamase''
Collins & Larsen, 2005
*''
Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis''
Kielland, 1990
*''
Celaenorrhinus selysi''
Berger, 1955
*''
Celaenorrhinus suzannae''
Berger, 1976
*''
Celaenorrhinus toro''
Evans, 1937
*''
Celaenorrhinus uluguru''
Kielland, 1990
*''
Celaenorrhinus zanqua''
Evans, 1937
;Asia species group
*''
Celaenorrhinus aspersa''
Leech, 1891
*''
Celaenorrhinus maculosa''
(C. & R. Felder, 867
__NOTOC__
Year 867 ( DCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* September 24 – Emperor Michael III is murdered, by order of his co-emperor Basil I. Basil become ...
*''
Celaenorrhinus inexspectus''
Devyatkin, 2000
*''
Celaenorrhinus phuongi''
Devyatkin, 2001
*''
Celaenorrhinus incestus''
Devyatkin, 2000
*''
Celaenorrhinus major''
Hsu, 1990
*''
Celaenorrhinus kuznetsovi''
Devyatkin, 2000
*''
Celaenorrhinus yaojiani''
Huang & Wu, 2003
*''
Celaenorrhinus oscula''
Evans, 1949
*''
Celaenorrhinus consanguinea''
Leech, 1891
*''
Celaenorrhinus ratna''
Fruhstorfer, 1909
*''
Celaenorrhinus pulomaya''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murdered by Basil the Macedonian at Miletu ...
*''
Celaenorrhinus horishanus''
Shirôzu, 1963
*''
Celaenorrhinus pero''
de Nicéville, 1889
*''
Celaenorrhinus choui''
Gu, 1994
*''
Celaenorrhinus ruficornis''
(Mabille, 1878)
*''
Celaenorrhinus ambareesa''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murdered by Basil the Macedonian at Miletu ...
*''
Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus''
(Felder, 1868)
*''
Celaenorrhinus sumitra''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murdered by Basil the Macedonian at Miletu ...
*''
Celaenorrhinus pyrrha''
de Nicéville, 1889
*''
Celaenorrhinus pahangensis''
Naylor, 1962
*''
Celaenorrhinus leucocera''
(Kollar, 844
__NOTOC__
Year 844 ( DCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Battle of Mauropotamos: A Byzantine expedition under Theoktistos is sent to Anatolia (mod ...
*''
Celaenorrhinus putra''
(Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murdered by Basil the Macedonian at Miletu ...
*''
Celaenorrhinus munda''
Moore, 1884
*''
Celaenorrhinus nigricans''
(de Nicéville, 1885)
*''
Celaenorrhinus asmara''
(Butler, 879
__NOTOC__
Year 879 ( DCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* April 10 – King Louis the Stammerer dies at Compiègne, after a reign of 18 months. He is succeeded by hi ...
*''
Celaenorrhinus inaequalis''
Elwes & Edwards, 1897
*''
Celaenorrhinus ficulnea''
(Hewitson, 1868)
*''
Celaenorrhinus ladana''
(Butler, 1870)
*''
Celaenorrhinus patula''
de Nicéville, 1889
*''
Celaenorrhinus tibetana''
(Mabille, 1876)
*''
Celaenorrhinus andamanica
''Celaenorrhinus'' is a genus of skipper butterflies which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is flat (disambiguation), also used for related genera. They a ...
''
(Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881)
*''
Celaenorrhinus badia''
(Hewitson, 1877)
*''
Celaenorrhinus dhanada''
Moore, 866
__NOTOC__
Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murdered by Basil the Macedonian at Miletu ...
/small>
*'' Celaenorrhinus bazilanus'' (Fruhstorfer, 1909)
*''Celaenorrhinus entellus
''Celaenorrhinus'' is a genus of skipper butterflies which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is also used for related genera. They are the type genus of t ...
'' (Hewitson, 1867)
*'' Celaenorrhinus flavocincta'' (de Nicéville, 1887)
*'' Celaenorrhinus halconis'' de Jong & Treadaway, 1993
*'' Celaenorrhinus kiku'' Hering, 1918
*'' Celaenorrhinus kurosawai'' Shirôzu, 1963
*'' Celaenorrhinus morena'' Evans, 1949
*'' Celaenorrhinus patuloides'' de Jong, 1981
*'' Celaenorrhinus plagifera'' de Nicéville, 1889
*'' Celaenorrhinus saturatus'' Elwes & Edwards, 1897
*'' Celaenorrhinus toxopei'' de Jong, 1981
*'' Celaenorrhinus treadawayi'' de Jong, 1981
*'' Celaenorrhinus zea'' Swinhoe, 1909
;America species group
*'' Celaenorrhinus aegiochus'' (Hewitson, 1876)
*'' Celaenorrhinus anchialus'' (Mabille, 1878)
*'' Celaenorrhinus approximatus'' Williams & Bell, 1940
*'' Celaenorrhinus astrigera'' (Butler, 1877)
*'' Celaenorrhinus autochton'' Steinhauser & Austin, 1996
*'' Celaenorrhinus bifurcus'' Bell, 1934
*'' Celaenorrhinus cynapes'' (Hewitson, 1870)
*'' Celaenorrhinus disjunctus'' Bell, 1940
*'' Celaenorrhinus eligius'' (Stoll, 781
__NOTOC__
Year 781 ( DCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 781 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europ ...
*'' Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri'' (Bailey, 1880)
*'' Celaenorrhinus jao'' (Mabille, 1889)
*'' Celaenorrhinus monartus'' (Plötz, 1884)
*'' Celaenorrhinus orneates'' Austin, 1996
*'' Celaenorrhinus par'' Steinhauser & Austin, 1996
*'' Celaenorrhinus savia'' (Evans, 1952)
*'' Celaenorrhinus shema'' (Hewitson, 1877)
*'' Celaenorrhinus similis'' Hayward, 1933
*'' Celaenorrhinus songoensis'' Draudt, 1922
*'' Celaenorrhinus stallingsi'' Freeman, 1946
*'' Celaenorrhinus stola'' Evans, 1952
*'' Celaenorrhinus suthina'' (Hewitson, 1877)
*'' Celaenorrhinus syllius'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862)
*'' Celaenorrhinus tritonae'' (Weeks, 1901)
*'' Celaenorrhinus vagra'' Evans, 1952
Former species
*''Celaenorrhinus aurivittata''
(Moore, 1878) - transferred to ''
Aurivittia aurivittata
''Aurivittia aurivittata'', Retrieved April 19, 2018. the dark yellow-banded flat,Markku Savela's website on Lepidopter Subfamily Pyrginae, Family Hesperiidae is a species of hesperiid butterfly which is found in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
...
''
(Moore, 1878)
*''Celaenorrhinus mokeezi''
(Wallengren, 1857) - transferred to ''
Apallaga mokeezi''
(Wallengren, 1857)
*''Celaenorrhinus pooanus''
Aurivillius, 1910 - transferred to ''
Apallaga pooanus''
(Aurivillius, 1910)
*''Celaenorrhinus rutilans''
(Mabille, 1877) - transferred to ''
Apallaga rutilans''
(Mabille, 1877)
*''Celaenorrhinus vietnamicus''
Devyatkin, 1998 - transferred to ''
Aurivittia vietnamicus''
(Devyatkin, 1998)
Genus characteristics
The following is a description of the genus from an old work and may not account for more recent taxonomic changes.
References
* , 1934: New Hesperiidae from Trinidad and Peru (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). ''American Museum Novitates'' 745: 1-6. Full article
* , 2001: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 9. Three new species and one new subspecies from the subfamily Pyrginae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). ''Atalanta'' 32 (3/4): 403-410.
* 2003: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 14: A new species of the genus ''Celaenorrhinus'' Hübner 1819 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). ''Atalanta'' 34 (1/2): 115-118. Abstract
* , 2004, ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea''
* , 2008, A new species of ''Celaenorrhinus'' (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from N Myanmar, ''Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan'' 59 (3): 241-242. Abstract and full article
* , 1992 (1991): Notas sinonímicas sobre Hesperiidae Neotropicais, com descrições de novos géneros, espécies e subespécies (Lepidoptera). ''Revista Brasileira de Zoologia'' 7 (4): 503-524. Full article
* , 1971: Descriptions of new species and notes on other ''Hesperiidae'' of Africa. ''Bull. Allyn Museum'' 2: 1-17. Full article
* , 2008: ''Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea''.
External links
Seitz, A. ''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 76 et seq.Images representing ''Potanthus ''
at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1759000
Celaenorrhinini
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner
Hesperiidae genera