Cedar Paul

Cedar Paul, ''née'' Gertrude Mary Davenport (1880 – 18 March 1972) was a singer, author, translator and journalist.''Who Was Who''

Biography

Gertrude Davenport came from a musical family: she was the granddaughter of the composer George Alexander Macfarren and the daughter of the composer Francis William Davenport (1847–1925). She was educated at convent schools in Belgium, France, Italy and England, and studied music in Germany.

She was a member of the Independent Labour Party from 1912 to 1919, and Secretary of the British Section of the Women's International Council of Socialist and Labour Organizations from 1917 to 1919. She married Eden Paul, and from 1915 onwards was active - under the name of Cedar Paul - as a translator and writer in collaboration with her husband. The pair became members of the Communist Party of Great Britain,''The Labour Who's Who'', 1927 and Cedar served on the executive committee of the Plebs League in the 1920s.Chris Wrigley, ''A.J.P. Taylor: radical historian of Europe'', I. B. Tauris, 2006, p.37 Together with Lyster Jameson, the Pauls made "strenuous attempts ..to develop psychology" as a component of working-class education in the Plebs League.J. McIlroy, 'Independent working-class education and trade union education and training', in R. Fieldhouse (ed.) ''A History of Modern British Adult Education'' (Leicester, 1996), pp.271-3 However, some working-class League members resented them:

Cedar and Eden Paul were extraordinarily prolific translators in the interwar years, translating a range of socialist and psychotherapy works, as well as novels, particularly historical novels. They were the official translators for Stefan Zweig and Emil Ludwig, and their translations from German also included works by Karl Marx, Rudolf Hilferding, Karl Jaspers, Rudolf Brunngraber, and Heinrich von Treitschke. However, they also translated work from French, Italian (including a work by Robert Michels) and Russian (including works by Joseph Stalin, and Georgi Plekhanov, and Mikhail Lermontov's ''A Hero of Our Time'').

After Eden Paul's death in 1944, Cedar Paul published only a small number of translations under her own name. She found herself in serious debt and experienced dire poverty, living in a caravan.

Works

Translations undertaken with Eden Paul

* ''History of Germany in the nineteenth century'' by Heinrich von Treitschke, 1915–19. Translated from the German.
* ''Political parties; a sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy'' by Robert Michels. New York, Hearst's International Library Co., 1915. Translated from the Italian.
* ''The twentieth century Molière: Bernard Shaw'' by Augustin Frédéric Hamon. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1915. Translated from the French.
* ''The diary of a French private, war-imprisonment, 1914-1915'' by Gaston Riou. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1916. Translated from the French.
* ''The sexual crisis: a critique of our sex life'' by Grete Meisel-Hess. New York: Critic and Guide Co., 1917. Translated from the German.
* ''Heredity, disease and human evolution'' by Hugo Ribbert. New York: Critic and Guide Co., 1918. Translated from the German.
* '' Boehm-Bawerk's Criticism of Marx'' by Rudolf Hilferding. Glasgow : Socialist Labour Press, 919.Translated from the German.
* ''The spirit of Russia : studies in history, literature and philosophy'' by T. G. Masaryk. London : Allen & Unwin; New York : Macmillan, 1919. Translated from the German. 2 vols.
* ''Suggestion and autosuggestion : a psychological and pedagogical study based upon the investigations made by the new Nancy School'' by Charles Baudouin. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1920. Translated from the French.
* ''A new school in Belgium'' by A. Faria de Vasconcellos, with an introduction by Adolphe Ferrière. London: G. G. Harrap & Co., 1919. Translated from the French.
* ''Karl Marx'' by Achille Loria. London, G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1920. Translated from the Italian.
* ''The Forerunners'' by Romain Rolland. New York: Brace & Howe, 1920. Translated from the French ''Les Précurseurs'' (1919).
* ''The industrial development of Palestine'' by Nahum Wilbuschewitsch. ondon Trade and Industry Dept. of the Central Bureau of the Zionist Organisation (London), 1920. Translated from the German.
* ''A young girl's diary'' (anon., prefaced with a letter by Sigmund Freud). New York: T. Seltzer, 1921. Translated from the German ''Tagebuch eines halbwüchsigen Mädchens''.
* ''Psychoanalysis and sociology'' by Aurel Kolnai. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1921.
* ''Letters from prison: with a portrait and a facsimile'' by Rosa Luxemburg. Berlin : Pub. House of the Young International, ©1921, t.p. 1923. Translated from the German.
* ''In Days to Come'' by Walther Rathenau. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1921. Translated from the German.
* ''Casanova's homecoming'' by Arthur Schnitzler. New York: Private printing for subscribers only, 1921. 1,250 copies printed. Translated from the German.
* ''Romain Rolland; the man and his work'' by Stefan Zweig. New York, T. Seltzer, 1921. Translated from the original manuscript.
* ''Studies in psychoanalysis; an account of twenty-seven concrete cases preceded by a theoretical exposition. Comprising lectures delivered in Geneva at the Jean Jacques Rousseau institute and at the Faculty of letters in the university'' by Charles Baudouin. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1922. Translated from the French.
* '' The ABC of Communism: a popular explanation of the program of the Communist Party of Russia'' by Nikolai Bukharin and Yevgeni Preobrazhensky. .l.: Communist Party of Great Britain, 1922. Translated from the Russian.
* ''The restoration of agriculture in the famine area of Russia: being the interim report of the State Economic Planning Commission of the Council for Labour and Defence of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic''. London: Labour Publishing Co., 1922. Translated from the Russian.
* ''Psychoanalysis and sociology'' by Aurel Kolnai. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1922. Translated from the German ''Psychoanalyse und Soziologie. Zur Psychologie von Masse und Gesellschaft'' (1920).
* ''History of Switzerland, 1499-1914'' by Wilhelm Oechsli. Cambridge University Press, 1922. Translated from the German.
* ''Jeremiah, a drama in nine scenes'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: T. Seltzer, 1922. Translated from the author's revised German text.
* ''Through dictatorship to democracy'' by Klara Zetkin. Glasgow : Socialist Labour Press, a. 1922 Translated from the German.
* ''The power within us'' by Charles Baudouin. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1923. Translated from the French
* ''Vitamins; a critical survey of the theory of accessory food factors'' by Ragnar Berg. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1923. Translated from the German.
* ''The dominant sex; a study in the sociology of sex differentiation'' by Mathilde and Mathias Vaerting. New York, George H. Doran Co., 923 Translated from the German ''Weibliche Eigenart im Männerstaat und die männliche Eigenart im Frauenstaat''.
* ''Contemporary studies'' by Charles Baudouin. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 924 Translated from the French.
* ''Psychoanalysis and aesthetics'' by Charles Baudouin. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1924. Translated from the French ''Le Symbole Chez Verhaeren''.
* ''The inner discipline'' by Charles Baudouin and Alexandre Lestchinsky. New York: Holt, 1924. Translated from the French.
* ''The new theories of matter and the atom'' by Alfred Berthoud. London: G. Allen & Unwin; New York: Macmillan, 924 Translated from the French.
* ''Labour's alternative: the United States of Europe or Europe limited'' by Edo Fimmen. London, Labour Pub. Co., 1924. Translated from the German.
* ''Love in children and its aberrations; a book for parents and teachers'' by Oskar Pfister. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1924. Translated from the German.
* ''The remaking of Russia'' by Kurt Wiedenfeld. London: Labour Pub. Co., 1924. Translated from the German.
* ''Sigmund Freud, his personality, his teaching, & his school'' by Fritz Wittels. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 924 Translated from the German.
* ''Passion and pain'' by Stefan Zweig. London, Chapman and Hall, 1924. Translated from the German.
* ''Psychological healing: a historical and clinical study'' by Pierre Janet. London: G. Allen & Unwin; New York: Macmillan, 925 2 vols. Translated from the French ''Médications psychologiques''
* ''By airplane towards the North pole; an account of an expedition to Spitzbergen in the summer of 1923'' by Walter Mittelholzer. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 925 Translated from the German.
* ''An end to poverty'' by Fritz Wittels. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1925. Translated from the German ''Die vernichtung der not''
* ''Napoléon'' by Emil Ludwig. New York, N.Y. : Boni & Liveright, 1926. Translated from the German.
* '' The eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte'' by Karl Marx. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 926 Translated from the German.
* ''Red money: a statement of the facts relating to the money raised in Russia during the general strike and mining lock-out in Britain'' by All-Russian Council of Trade Unions. London: Labour Research Dept., 1926.
* ''Napoleon and his women friends'' by Gertrude Aretz. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1927.
* ''Women and love'' by Bernhard Bauer. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1927. 2 vols. Translated from the German.
* ''The psychology of socialism'' by Hendrik de Man. New York: H. Holt and Co. 927 Translated from the second German edition.
* ''Bismarck; the story of a fighter'' by Emil Ludwig. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1927. Translated from the German.
* ''Night: a drama in five acts'' by Marcel Martinet. London: C.W. Daniel, 1927. Translated from the French.
* ''Karl Marx, man, thinker, and revolutionist; a symposium'' by David Riazanov. London: M. Lawrence, 927 Translated from the German and the Russian.
* ''Conflicts: three tales'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: The Viking Press, 1927. Translated from the German.
* ''Trenck, the love story of a favourite'' by Bruno Frank. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1928. Translated from the German.
* ''The Son of man: the story of Jesus'' by Emil Ludwig. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1928. Translated from the German.
* ''Capital'', by Karl Marx. London: Allen & Unwin, 1928. Translated from the 4th German edition of ''Das Kapital''.
* ''Leninism'' by Joseph Stalin. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 928-33 2 vols. Translated from the Russian.
* ''History of the first International'' by Yuri Mikhailovich Steklov. London: M. Lawrence, 928 Translated from the 3rd Russian ed., with notes from the 4th ed.
* ''Adepts in self-portraiture: Casanova, Stendhal, Tolstoy'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1928. Translated from the German
* ''Master builders: an attempt at the typology of the spirit'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1928–1930. 2 vols. Translated from the German.
* ''Diana: a novel'' by Emil Ludwig. New York: Viking Press, 1929. Translated from the German.
* ''On Mediterranean shores'' by Emil Ludwig. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 929 Translated from the German.
* ''Joy in Work'' by Hendrik de Man. London, G. Allen & Unwin ltd. 929 Translated from the German ''Der Kampf um die Arbeitsfreude''.
* ''Fundamental problems of Marxism'' by Georgi Plekhanov. London, M. Lawrence 929 Translated from ''Osnovnye voprosy marksizma'', 2nd Russian ed. (Moscow, 1928).
* ''Karl Marx: his Life and Work'' by Otto Rühle. New York: The Viking press, 1929. Translated from the German.
* ''The wife of Steffen Tromholt'' by Hermann Sudermann. New York : H. Liveright, 1929. Translated from the German ''Die Frau des Steffen Tromholt''.
* ''Lincoln'' by Emil Ludwig. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1930. Translated from the German.
* ''The Communist Manifesto'' by Karl Marx, with an introduction and explanatory notes by D. Ryazanoff seud. London : Martin Lawrence, 930 Text of the ''Manifesto'' translated from the German; remainder translated from the revised (1922) edition of Ryazanoff's ''The communist manifesto'' (in Russian).
* ''Types of economic theory'' by Othmar Spann. London : G. Allen & Unwin ltd., 930 Translated from the 19th German ed. Also published as ''The history of economics'', New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
* ''Economic trends in Soviet Russia'' by Aaron Yugow. London : G. Allen & Unwin, 1930. Translated from the German ''Die Volkswirtschaft der Sowjetunion und ihre Probleme'', 1929, a translation by A. R. L. Gurland from the author's Russian ms.
* ''Joseph Fouché, the portrait of a politician'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1930. Translated from the German.
* ''Three Masters: Balzac, Dickens, Dostoeffsky'' by Stefan Zweig. London, 1930. Translated from the German.
* ''Human Heredity'' by Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer, and Fritz Lenz. London: G. Allen & Unwin ltd.; New York: The Macmillan Company, 931 Translated from the German.
* ''The problem of genius'' by Wilhelm Lange-Eichbaum. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1931. Translated from the German ''Genieproblem. Eine Einführung''.
* ''Men and forces of our time'' by Valeriu Marcu. New York: Viking Press, 1931. Translated from the German.
* ''Lassalle; the power of illusion and the illusion of power'' by Arno Schirokauer. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 931 Translated from the German.
* ''The conquest of old age: methods to effect rejuvenation and to increase functional activity'' by Peter Schmidt. London: G. Routledge, 1931. Translated from the German.
* ''Desuggestion for the attainment of health, happiness, and success'' by Edwin Tietjens. London: Allen & Unwin, 931 Translated from the 2nd German ed.
* ''Awakening Japan: the diary of a German doctor'' by Erwin Baelz (ed. by his son, Toku Baelz). New York : The Viking press, 1932. Translation from the German ''Erwin Bälz; das Leben eines deutschen Arztes im erwachenden Japan.''.
* ''Introduction to Sexual Hygiene'' by Abraham Buschke and Friedrich Jacobsohn. London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1932.
* ''Life of Mendel'' by Hugo Iltis.
* ''Talks with Mussolini'' by Emil Ludwig. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1932. Translated from the German ''Mussolinis Gespräche mit Emil Ludwig''
* ''The birth of the nations : from the unity of faith to the democracy of money'' by Valeriu Marcu. London: G. Routledge, 1932.
* ''Red Russia'' by Theodore Seibert. New York : The Century company, 932 Translated from the 3rd German edition of ''Das rote Russland, Staat, Geist und Alltag der Bolschewiki''.
* ''H. M. Stanley - explorer'' by Jakob Wassermann. London: Cassell & Co., 1932.
* ''Set the children free!'' by Fritz Wittels. London: G. Allen & Unwin, ltd., 932 Translated from the 4th German edition (1927) of ''Die befreiung des kindes'', "specially revised and brought up to date by the author in 1932".
* ''Amok'' by Stefan Zweig. London: Cassell, 1932.
* ''The Mind of the Child. A psychoanalytical study'' by Charles Baudouin. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1933.
* ''A Twentieth Century Tragedy'' by Rudolf Brunngraber. London: Lovat Dickson, 1933.
* ''The organism of the mind : an introduction to analytical psychotherapy'' by Gustav Richard Heyer. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd, 1933.
* ''Man in the Modern Age'' by Karl Jaspers. London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1933.
* ''Dark angel'' by Gina Kaus. London: Cassell, 1933.
* ''Great doctors: a biographical history of medicine'' by Henry E. Sigerist. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1933.
* ''Genealogy of love'' by Curt Thesing. London: G. Routledge, 1933. Translated from the German ''Stammesgeschichte der Liebe''.
* ''Bula Matari: Stanley, conqueror of a continent'' by Jakob Wassermann. New York, Liveright Inc., 1933
* ''Letter from an unknown woman'' by Stefan Zweig. London; Toronto: Cassell, 1933.
* ''Marie Antoinette, the portrait of an average woman'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1933. Translated from the German.
* ''Mental healers: Franz Anton Mesmer, Mary Baker Eddy, Sigmund Freud'' by Stefan Zweig. London: Cassell and Co., Ltd., 1933.
* ''Leopold the unloved : King of the Belgians and of money'' by Ludwig Bauer. London : Cassell, 1934. Translated from the German.
* ''Lovers in Galilee. An idyl of the time of Tiberius'' by Henry Dupuy-Mazuel. London: Hurst & Blackett, 934.* ''Joseph Kerkhoven’s Third Existence. A novel'' by Carl Jacob Wassermann. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1934.
* ''Erasmus of Rotterdam'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1934. Translated from the German.
* ''The new Cæsar: a novel'' by Alfred Neumann. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1934.
* ''Leaders, dreamers, and rebels. An account of the great mass-movements of history and of the wish-dreams that inspired them'' by René Fülöp-Miller. Translated from the German. New York: The Viking Press, 1935.
* ''Coffee : the epic of a commodity'' by Heinrich Eduard Jacob. New York: The Viking press, 1935. Translated from the German ''Sage und Siegeszug des Kaffees''. English edition published as ''The saga of coffee: biography of a product''.
* ''Hindenburg and the saga of the German revolution'' by Emil Ludwig. London, Toronto: W. Heinemann, Ltd., 935 Translated from the German.
* ''School of biology'' by Curt Thesing. London: G. Routledge & sons, ltd., 1935. Translated from the German.
* ''Mary, queen of Scotland and the Isles'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1935. Translated from the German.
* ''The Davos murders'' by Emil Ludwig. New York: Viking Press, 1936.
* ''Caesar's mantle; the end of the Roman republic'' by Ferdinand Mainzer. New York: Viking Press, 1936. Translated from the German.
* ''Divine adventurer: a novel'' by Karl August Meissinger. New York: Viking Press, 1936. Translated from the German ''Der Abenteurer Gottes''.
* ''Tsushima'' by A. S. Novikov-Priboĭ. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1936. Translated from the Russian.
* ''Arturo Toscanini'' by Paul Stefan. New York: Viking Press, 1936.
* ''The Right to Heresy. Castellio against Calvin'' by Stefan Zweig. London: Cassell & Co., 1936. Translated from the German ''Castellio gegen Calvin''.
* ''Kerkhoven's third existence'' by Jakob Wassermann. New York: Liveright Pub. Corp., 1936.
* ''Radium: a novel'' by Rudolf Brunngraber. London: G. G. Harrap, 1937.
* ''Death from the skies: a study of gas and microbial warfare'' by Heinz Liepman with the scientific assistance of H. C. R. Simons. London: Secker & Warburg, 1937. Translated from the German. US edition published as ''Poison in the air'', 1937.
* ''The gaudy empire: a novel'' by Alfred Neumann. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937.
* ''Man of December: a story of Napoleon III and the fall of the Second Empire; a novel'' by Alfred Neumann. London: Hutchinson, 1937.
* ''Insulted and exiled: the truth about the German Jews'' by Arnold Zweig. London: John Mills, 1937. Translated from the German.
* ''The buried candelabrum'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1937. Translated from the German.
* ''Emperors, angels, and eunuchs: the thousand years of the Byzantine Empire'' by Berta Eckstein-Diener. London: Chatto & Windus, 1938. US edition published as ''Imperial Byzantium'', 1938.
* ''Triumph over pain'' by René Fülöp-Miller. New York, Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1938. Translated from the German.
* ''Racism'' by Magnus Hirschfeld. London: Victor Gollancz, 1938. Edited and translated from the German.
* ''Jewish short-stories of today'' by Morris Kreitman. London: Faber & Faber, 1938.
* ''The mad queen of Spain'' by Michael Prawdin. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1938. Translated from the German.
* ''Conqueror of the seas; the story of Magellan'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1938. Translated from the German.
* ''George Frederick Handel's resurrection. Auferstehung Georg Friedrich Händels'' by Stefan Zweig. ondon: Corvinus press 1938. German and English on opposite pages.
* ''Dmitri Donskoi: a novel'' by Sergei Borodin. London: Hutchinson's International Authors, 940?* '' A hero of our own times'' by Mikhail Lermontov. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1940.
* ''The Mongol empire, its rise and legacy'' by Michael Prawdin. London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1940.
* ''Technique of analytical psychotherapy'' by Wilhelm Stekel. New York: Norton, 1940.
* ''Germany tomorrow'' by Otto Strasser. London: Jonathan Cape, 1940. Translated from the German. (Incorporating a translation of 'Aufbau des deutschen Sozialismus.')
* ''The tide of fortune: twelve historical miniatures'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1940. Translated from the German.
* ''The coming of socialism'' by Lucien Deslinières. London: British Socialist Party, n.d. Translated from the French.
* ''Through dictatorship to democracy'' by Klara Zetkin. Glasgow : Socialist Labor Press, n.d. Translated from the German.

Other works

* (ed. with Eden Paul) ''Population and birth-control; a symposium''. New York: Critic and Guide, 1917. With contributions by William J. Robinson, Achille Loria, Charles V. Drysdale, Ludwig Quessel, Eden Paul, Edward Bernstein, Binnie Dunlop, Rudolf Manschke, S. H. Halford and F. W. Stella Browne.
* (with Eden Paul) ''Independent working class education: thoughts and suggestions''. London: Workers' Socialist Federation, 1918
* (with Eden Paul) ''Creative revolution, a study of communist ergatocracy''. London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1920. (Translated into Japanese, alongside John Stuart Mill's '' The Subjection of Women'' and William Mellor's ''Direct Action'', in 1929)
* (with Eden Paul) ''The appreciation of poetry''. London: C.W. Daniel, 1920
* (with Eden Paul) ''Proletcult (proletarian culture)''. London: L. Parsons, 921 The New Era Series, vol. 12.
* (with Eden Paul) ''Communism''. London: Labour Pub. Co., 1921. Labour booklets, no. 3.
* (with Eden Paul) ''Anti-Soviet forgeries; a record of some of the forged documents used at various times against the Soviet government''. ondon Workers' Publications, 1927
* (ed. with a biographical introduction, with Eden Paul) ''A Doctor's Views on Life'' by William J. Robinson. London: Allen & Unwin, 1927
* (with Eden Paul and Edward Conze, eds.) ''An outline of psychology'' by H. Lyster Jameson, 9th ed., completely revised, London : N.C.L.C., 1938. PLEBS outline number one.
* (tr.) ''Stepan Razin: a novel by Aleksey Chapygin. London; New York: Hutchinson international authors, 1946. Translated from the Russian.
* (tr.) ''The captain'' by Alexey Novikov-Priboy. London; New York: Hutchinson International Authors, 1946. Translated from the Russian.
* (tr.) ''The fatal skin'' by Honoré de Balzac. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949. Translated from the French '' La Peau de chagrin''.
* (tr.) ''Where the Sun never set'' by Margarita de Planelles. ondon Godfrey & Stephens.

References

External links

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Papers of Eden and Cedar Paul
at the Bodleian Library
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Cedar
1972 deaths
Translators from German
Translators to English
Communist Party of Great Britain members
1880 births
20th-century translators