The Cavendish (or de Cavendish) family ( ) is a British noble family, of Anglo-Norman origins (though with an

Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxons were a Cultural identity, cultural group who inhabited England in the Early Middle Ages. They traced their origins to settlers who came to Britain from mainland Europe in the 5th century. However, the ethnogenesis of the Anglo- ...

name, originally from a place-name in Suffolk). They rose to their highest prominence as

Duke of Devonshire Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family. This (now the senior) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has ...

and Duke of Newcastle. Leading branches have held high offices in English and then in British politics, especially since the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the participation of William Cavendish (then Earl of Devonshire) in the '' Invitation to William'', though the family appears to date to the Norman Conquest of England, with ''Cavendish'' being used (in one form or another) as a surname since the beginning of the 13th century. As a place-name, it is first recorded in 1086.

Early history

As a place-name, it is first recorded as in 1086 in the ''

Domesday Book Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manusc ...

'', and appears to have a meaning of 'Cafna's Pasture', from personal

byname An epithet (, ), also byname, is a descriptive term (word or phrase) known for accompanying or occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage. It has various shades of meaning when applied to seemingly real or fictitious people, di ...

(from 'bold, daring'), and 'enclosed pasture'. By 1201, it was in use as the surname (borne by one Simon de Cavendis in the Suffolk ''Records of Pleas before the King'' (specifically

King John King John may refer to: Rulers * John, King of England (1166–1216) * John I of Jerusalem (c. 1170–1237) * John Balliol, King of Scotland (c. 1249–1314) * John I of France (15–20 November 1316) * John II of France (1319–1364) * John I o ...

), recurring in 1242 as , and again in 1302 as . Additional related information is found o
pp. 165, 187, 341
The philosopher

Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes ( ; 5/15 April 1588 – 4/14 December 1679) was an English philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book '' Leviathan'', in which he expounds an influ ...

was employed as a tutor by the Cavendish family and educated various members of the family.

From the Glorious Revolution onward

After missing nation-leading and internationally definitive largesse and empire-building in Charles II's five-peer acronym of the

Cabal ministry The Cabal ministry or the CABAL refers to a group of high councillors of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1668 to . The term ''Cabal'' has a double meaning in this context. It refers to the fact that, for perhaps the firs ...

, William Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire, was the first of the name to rise to

duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, t ...

. He co-wrote the 1688 '' Invitation to William'' to exclude Catholics from the monarchy, which set in motion the Glorious Revolution in that year (and which also ultimately had the result of shifting more power to

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. ...

). The ''Invitation'''s authors were later known as "the

Immortal Seven The ''Invitation to William'' was a letter sent by seven notable English nobles, later called "the Immortal Seven", to stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, received by him on 30 June 1688 (Julian calendar, 10 July Gregorian calendar). In ...

". This pre-dated the Spencer-Churchills' centrality under campaigns (most of all the

Battle of Culloden The Battle of Culloden (; gd, Blàr Chùil Lodair) was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. On 16 April 1746, the Jacobite Army (1745), Jacobite army of Charles Edward Stuart was decisively defeated by a Kingdom of Great Bri ...

) against the Catholic pretenders to the throne. High appointments were often won by senior title holders and some juniors among the Cavendishes, from 1688 until about 1887, and marked the family's ascendancy, along with the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby. The notable lines descend from Sir John of Cavendish in the county of

Suffolk Suffolk () is a ceremonial county of England in East Anglia. It borders Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south; the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include L ...

(c. 1346–1381). Other peerages included the

Dukedom of Newcastle Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle u ...

; Barony of Waterpark (

County Cork County Cork ( ga, Contae Chorcaí) is the largest and the southernmost county of Ireland, named after the city of Cork, the state's second-largest city. It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region. Its largest market towns ar ...

, Ireland); the Barony of Chesham (in

Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire (), abbreviated Bucks, is a ceremonial county in South East England that borders Greater London to the south-east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-eas ...

); and through a daughter marrying into the

Bentinck family The House of Bentinck is a prominent family belonging to Dutch, German and British nobility. Its members have served in the armed forces and as ambassadors and politicians, including Governor General of India and Prime Minister of the Unit ...

(leading to combined surnames), the Dukedom of Portland (a title which ceased in 1990, and most of the wealth of which is in the

Howard de Walden Estate The Howard de Walden Estate is a property estate in Marylebone, London, owned by the Howard de Walden family. As of 2020 the estate was reported to be worth £4.7 billion. History The Estate's development dates from 1715 when speculative plan ...

, which has kept minor, overarching interests in and reviews changes across most of central

Marylebone Marylebone (usually , also , ) is a district in the West End of London, in the City of Westminster. Oxford Street, Europe's busiest shopping street, forms its southern boundary. An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it m ...

, London). Concessions to populists of post-

imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas ...

meritocracy movements shifted power to industrialism and to the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...

. The 1911, 1958,

1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Co ...

, and

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school s ...

transformations of the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster ...

permanently ended key influence by Cavendish and many other British noble families. Under primogeniture, the senior branches of these families still dominate in inter-family (relative) wealth and titles. The head of the modern family is Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire, whose Georgian mansion,

Chatsworth House Chatsworth House is a stately home in the Derbyshire Dales, north-east of Bakewell and west of Chesterfield, England. The seat of the Duke of Devonshire, it has belonged to the Cavendish family since 1549. It stands on the east bank of the ...

, in the

Peak District The Peak District is an upland area in England at the southern end of the Pennines. Mostly in Derbyshire, it extends into Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire. It includes the Dark Peak, where moorl ...

attracts many visitors with its gardens, iconic high-jet fountain,

Capability Brown Lancelot Brown (born c. 1715–16, baptised 30 August 1716 – 6 February 1783), more commonly known as Capability Brown, was an English gardener and landscape architect, who remains the most famous figure in the history of the English lan ...

grounds, and fine-art collection. Among its past urban assets with lasting influence, this branch of the family had a large house in London, on which many grand apartments and houses now stand, including Devonshire Square. The family seat is

, a

Grade I listed In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Ire ...

property, in Edensor, near Bakewell, which is owned as part of the Chatsworth Estate. According to the Estate website, "Chatsworth is very much home to the 12th Duke and Duchess, hoare intensely involved in the day to day running of the business and upkeep of" the House. This area has been the home of the Cavendish family since 1549.

Notable members

* Sir John Cavendish (c.1346–1381) ** Sir John Cavendish *** William Cavendish (died 1433) **** Thomas Cavendish (died 1477) ***** Thomas Cavendish (died 1524) ****** George Cavendish (1500–c.1562), English writer, biographer of Cardinal Wolsey ******* William Cavendish ******** Michael Cavendish (c.1565–1628), English composer ****** William Cavendish (1505–1557), English courtier; married to

Bess of Hardwick Elizabeth Cavendish, later Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury ( Hardwick; c. 1527 13 February 1608), known as Bess of Hardwick, of Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, was a notable figure of Elizabethan English society. By a series of well-made ...

*******

Henry Cavendish Henry Cavendish ( ; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English natural philosopher and scientist who was an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "infl ...

(1550–1616) ******** Henry Cavendish (died 1624), illegitimate son ********* Francis Cavendish (1618–1650) ********** Henry Cavendish (1649–1698) *********** William Cavendish (1682–1698) ************

Sir Henry Cavendish, 1st Baronet Sir Henry Cavendish, 1st Baronet (13 April 1707 – 31 May 1776) was a British politician who held several appointments in the Kingdom of Ireland. Biography Cavendish was the son of William Cavendish and Mary Tyrell. He was descended from Sir W ...

(1707–1776), Anglo-Irish politician ************* Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet (1732–1804), Anglo-Irish politician; married to Sarah Cavendish, 1st Baroness Waterpark (1740–1807) **************

Richard Cavendish, 2nd Baron Waterpark Richard Cavendish, 2nd Baron Waterpark FSA (13 July 1765 – 1 June 1830), was an Anglo-Irish politician and peer. Early life Waterpark was the son of Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet and Sarah Cavendish, 1st Baroness Waterpark. Waterpark succe ...

(1765–1830) ***************

Henry Cavendish, 3rd Baron Waterpark Henry Manners Cavendish, 3rd Baron Waterpark (8 November 1793 – 31 March 1863), was a British nobleman and Whig politician. Waterpark was the son of Richard Cavendish, 2nd Baron Waterpark, and his wife Juliana (née Cooper). He succeeded his ...

(1793–1863), MP **************** Henry Anson Cavendish, 4th Baron Waterpark (1839–1912), sportsman *************** Richard Cavendish (1794–1876), MP, member of the Canterbury Association ************** George Cavendish (1766–1849), MP ************** Augustus Cavendish-Bradshaw (1768–1832), MP ******* William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire (1552–1626) ******** William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Devonshire (c. 1590–1628) ********* William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire (1617–1684) ********** William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire (1640–1707) *********** William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (1672–1729) ************ William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (1698–1755),

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the King ...

1737–44 *************

William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, (8 May 1720 – 2 October 1764), styled Lord Cavendish before 1729, and Marquess of Hartington between 1729 and 1755, was a British Whig statesman and nobleman who was briefly nominal 5th Prime Mini ...

(1720–1764), briefly Prime Minister of Great Britain **************

William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, (14 December 1748 – 29 July 1811), was a British nobleman, aristocrat, and politician. He was the eldest son of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, by his wife, the heiress Lady Charlotte Bo ...

(1748–1811); married firstly to

Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Spencer; ; 7 June 1757 – 30 March 1806), was an English aristocrat, socialite, political organiser, author, and activist. Born into the Spencer family, married into the Cavendish family, she w ...

(1757–1806), political organizer; married secondly to Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1758–1824) *************** Georgiana Howard, Countess of Carlisle (1783–1858) ***************

Harriet Leveson-Gower, Countess Granville Harriet Leveson-Gower, Countess Granville (''née'' Lady Henrietta Elizabeth Cavendish; 29August 178525November 1862) was a British society hostess and writer. The younger daughter of Lady Georgiana Spencer and the 5th Duke of Devonshire, she ...

(1785–1862) *************** William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire (1790–1858), Lord Chamberlain to King William IV. The Cavendish banana is named after him. ************** Lady Dorothy Cavendish (1750–1794), Duchess of Portland, 3x great grandmother of Queen

Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...

**************

Lord Richard Cavendish (1752–1781) Lord Richard Cavendish (19 June 1752 – 7 September 1781) was an English nobleman and politician. He was the second son of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire and his wife, Charlotte. Cavendish was educated in Hackney and at Trinity Co ...

, MP ************** George Augustus Henry Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington (1754–1834) *************** William Cavendish (1783–1812) ****************

William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire, (27 April 1808 – 21 December 1891), styled as Lord Cavendish of Keighley between 1831 and 1834 and known as Earl of Burlington between 1834 and 1858, was a British landowner, benefactor, nobleman, ...

(1808–91), Chancellor of the University of Cambridge 1861–91, for whom the

Cavendish Laboratory The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences. The laboratory was opened in 1874 on the New Museums Site as a laboratory for experimental physics and is name ...

is named ***************** Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (1833–1908), British Liberal statesman; married to

Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire Louisa Frederica Augusta Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, formerly Louisa Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (born Luise Friederike Auguste, Countess von Alten; 15 June 1832 – 15 July 1911), was a German-born British aristocrat sometimes referred ...

(1832–1911), the "Double Duchess" *****************

Lord Frederick Cavendish Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish (30 November 1836 – 6 May 1882) was an English Liberal politician and ''protégé'' of the Prime Minister, William Ewart Gladstone. Cavendish was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland in May 1882 but was m ...

(1836–1882), British Liberal politician; married to

Lucy Cavendish Lucy Caroline Cavendish, also known as Lady Frederick Cavendish ( Lyttelton; 5 September 1841 – 22 April 1925), was a pioneer of women's education. A daughter of George Lyttelton, 4th Baron Lyttelton, she married into another aristocratic f ...

(1841–1925), namesake of

Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge Lucy Cavendish College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college is named in honour of Lucy Cavendish (1841–1925), who campaigned for the reform of women's education. History The college was founded in 1965 by fe ...

***************** Lord Edward Cavendish (1838–1891), soldier and politician ******************

Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (31 May 18686 May 1938), known as Victor Cavendish until 1908, was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada. A member of the Cavendish family, he was e ...

(1868–1938), British politician, Governor General of Canada 1916–21; married to Evelyn Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1870–1960), Mistress of the Robes to Queen Mary ******************* Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire (1895–1950), Minister in Winston Churchill's wartime cabinet; married to Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1895–1988), Mistress of the Robes to Elizabeth II ******************** William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (1917–1944), killed in action, Belgium; married to Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington aka Kick Kennedy (1920–1948), sister of U.S. president John F. Kennedy ******************** Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (1920–2004), British government minister; married to Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1920–2014), Mitford sister and writer ********************* Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire (born 1944), horse racing devotee ********************** William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington aka Bill Burlington (born 1969), professional photographer ******************

Lord Richard Cavendish (1871–1946) Lord Richard Frederick Cavendish, (31 January 1871 – 7 January 1946), known as Richard Cavendish until 1908, was a British aristocrat, author, magistrate, and politician. Background and education A prominent figure from the Cavendish famil ...

, author, magistrate and politician ******************* Richard Edward Osborne Cavendish (1917–1972) ******************** Hugh Cavendish, Baron Cavendish of Furness (born 1941) ****************

Lord George Henry Cavendish Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or ar ...

(1810–1880), British politician *************** George Henry Compton Cavendish (1784–1809), English politician *************** Henry Frederick Compton Cavendish (1789–1873), general ****************William Henry Frederick Cavendish (1817-1881) *****************Cecil Charles Cavendish (1855-1931) ******************Brigadier Ronald Valentine Cecil Cavendish (1896-1943) ******************* Robin Francis Cavendish (1930-1994), disability rights activist ******************** Jonathon Stewart Cavendish (b. 1959), film producer *************** Charles Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham (1793–1863), Liberal politician **************** William Cavendish, 2nd Baron Chesham (1815–1882) ***************** Charles Cavendish, 3rd Baron Chesham (1850–1907) ****************** John Cavendish, 4th Baron Chesham (1894–1952) *******************

John Cavendish, 5th Baron Chesham John Charles Compton Cavendish, 5th Baron Chesham, PC (18 June 1916 – 23 December 1989), was a British Conservative politician. A member of the Cavendish family headed by the Duke of Devonshire he was the son of John Compton Cavendish, 4th ...

(1916–1989) ******************** Nicholas Cavendish, 6th Baron Chesham (1941–2009) ********************* Charles Cavendish, 7th Baron Chesham (born 1974) ************* Lord George Augustus Cavendish (c. 1727–1794), British politician *************

(1729–1803), field marshal *************

Lord John Cavendish Lord John Cavendish (22 October 1732 – 18 December 1796) was a British nobleman and politician. Background Cavendish was the youngest son of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, and his wife Catherine, daughter of John Hoskins. Prime ...

(1734–1796), English politician ************ Lord James Cavendish (1701–1741) ************ Lord Charles Cavendish (1704–1783) *************

(1731–1810) scientist, known for the

Cavendish experiment The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by English scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational const ...

*********** Lord Henry Cavendish (1673–1700) *********** Lord James Cavendish (c. 1678–1751), married to Anne Yale (died 1734), daughter of

Elihu Yale Elihu Yale (5 April 1649 – 8 July 1721) was a British-American colonial administrator and philanthropist. Although born in Boston, Massachusetts, he only lived in America as a child, spending the rest of his life in England, Wales and In ...

******* Sir Charles Cavendish (c. 1553–1617) ********

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, KG, KB, PC (25 December 1676) was an English courtier and supporter of the arts. He was a renowned horse breeder, as well as being patron of the playwright Ben Jonson, and the intellectual gr ...

(1592–1676), English soldier, politician and writer; married to Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (1623–1673), English writer and scientist ********* Jane Cavendish (1621–1669), poet and playwright *********

Charles Cavendish, Viscount Mansfield Charles Cavendish, Viscount Mansfield (c. 1626 – June 1659) was an English gentleman who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Viscount Mansfield was the eldest son and heir of ...

(c. 1626–1659) ********* Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle (1630–1691) ********** Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle (1654–1734) ********** Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle (1659–1680), first husband of

Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset and ''suo jure'' Baroness Percy (26 January 1667 – 23/24 November 1722) was an English heiress. She was styled Lady Elizabeth Percy between 1667 and 1679, Countess of Ogle between 1679 and 1681, Lady E ...

**********

Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (''née'' Cavendish; 22 October 1661 – 24 December 1715/16, London) was an English noblewoman. Margaret was born the third daughter and fourth of six children of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of New ...

(1661–1716) *********** Henrietta Harley, Countess of Oxford (1694–1755) ************

Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland Margaret Cavendish Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (11 February 1715 – 17 July 1785) was a British aristocrat, styled Lady Margaret Harley before 1734, Duchess of Portland from 1734 to her husband's death in 1761, and Dowager Duchess of Por ...

(1715–1785) *************

William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, (14 April 173830 October 1809) was a British Whig and then a Tory politician during the late Georgian era. He served as Chancellor of the University of Oxford (1792–1809) a ...

(1738–1809), ancestor of the Cavendish-Bentinck family ************** Cavendish-Bentinck family ********* Elizabeth Egerton, Countess of Bridgwater (1626–1663), writer ******** Sir Charles Cavendish (c. 1594–1654), MP The explorer Thomas Cavendish "the Navigator" (1555–1592) was descended from Roger Cavendish, Sir John Cavendish's brother. The 3rd to 9th Dukes of Portland were descended from the Cavendish family through the female line, and took the surname Cavendish-Bentinck or a variant thereof. Their principal seat,

Welbeck Abbey Welbeck Abbey in the Dukeries in North Nottinghamshire was the site of a monastery belonging to the Premonstratensian order in England and after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, a country house residence of the Dukes of Portland. It is on ...

Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire (; abbreviated Notts.) is a landlocked county in the East Midlands region of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditi ...

, came to them through the Cavendish connection.

References

*Charles Roger Dod, ''Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage, Volume 15'' (S. Low, Marston & Company, 1855), 544. *William Courthope, ''Debrett's Complete Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland'' (J. G. & F. Rivington, 1838), 18. *Sir Egerton Brydges, ''A Biographical Peerage of the Empire of Great Britain'' (J. Johnson, 1808), 86. {{DEFAULTSORT:Cavendish, House of Political families of the United Kingdom Noble families of the United Kingdom