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A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.
BCERN Glossary: Cystidia
* ttp://www.ne.jp/asahi/mushroom/tokyo/Inocybe/kobuasetake/kobuasetake.htm Wild Mushrooms from Tokyo: Inocybe nodulososporaIncludes very good photograph of cystidia.
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.
Classification of cystidia
By position
Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or with a hand lens.By morphology
Chrysocystidia are cystidia whose contents contain a distinct refractive yellow body, that becomes more deeply yellow when exposed to ammonia or otheralkaline
In chemistry, an alkali (; from ar, القلوي, al-qaly, lit=ashes of the saltwort) is a base (chemistry), basic, ionic compound, ionic salt (chemistry), salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as ...
compounds. Chrysocystidia are characteristic of many (though not all) members of the agaric family Strophariaceae.
Gloeocystidia have an oily or granular appearance under the microscope. Like gloeohypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Structure
A hypha consists of one or ...
e, they may be yellowish or clear (hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none.
Histopathology
Hyaline cartilage is ...
) and can sometimes selectively be coloured by sulphovanillin or other reagents.Moser M (translated by S Plant). 1983. ''Keys to Agarics and Boleti''. Roger Phillips. . Metuloids are thick-walled cystidia with an apex having any of several distinct shapes.Largent D, et al. 1977. ''How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus III: Microscopic Features''. Arcata, CA: Mad River Press. .
External links
BCERN Glossary: Cystidia
* ttp://www.ne.jp/asahi/mushroom/tokyo/Inocybe/kobuasetake/kobuasetake.htm Wild Mushrooms from Tokyo: Inocybe nodulososporaIncludes very good photograph of cystidia.
References
{{reflist Fungal morphology and anatomy