Cationization of cotton is an
electro kinetic phenomena (
zeta potential and electro kinetic) for
surface charge of
cotton. The cotton surface is charged with positive
ions. Cationization alters the characterization of the surface of the cotton which allows salt free
dyeing and improves the dye ability of cotton. The process involves the chemical reaction of cationic reactive agents with cellulose.
Etymology
A cation (+) (/ˈkætˌaɪ.ən/), from the Greek word κάτω (káto), meaning "down", is an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge. The suffixes for cationic groups discern between 'ylium' for cations created by the loss of a hydride ion and 'ium' for cations formed by addition of a Hydron.
Methods of cationization
Cationization involves the modification of cellulosic macromolecules with positively charged sites with chemical reaction of cationic reactive agents for example with
Quaternary ammonium cation
In chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure , R being an alkyl group or an aryl group. Unlike the ammonium ion () and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations ...
or using (3-chloro-2-hydroxylpropyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CHPTAC).
Advantages
The industry has predominantly used reactive dyes to color knitted cotton goods. The treatment of
salt-laden, colored effluent generated by the dyeing process is one of the industry's primary concerns. Cotton cationization is one of the most effective solutions to the aforementioned problem.
Cationization of cotton enables salt free dyeing and enhances the dyeability of the substrate with anionic dyes such as
reactive dyes and
direct dyes. Water and salt consumption are one of the
major
Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...
problems in the dyeing especially cotton which leads to substantial environmental impact with extra time and cost. Secondly washing off the residual salt is also important for washing fastness properties, which needs more washing baths. Cationization of cotton reduces the
effluent
Effluent is wastewater from sewers or industrial outfalls that flows directly into surface waters either untreated or after being treated at a facility. The term has slightly different meanings in certain contexts, and may contain various pollut ...
, TDS load and water consumption in comparison to the conventional dyeing processes.
See also
*
Quaternary ammonium cation
In chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure , R being an alkyl group or an aryl group. Unlike the ammonium ion () and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations ...
References
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External links
* https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10098-017-1425-y
Cotton
Textile chemistry
Properties of textiles