The Catavi Formation is a Pridoli to Emsian geologic

formation Formation may refer to: Linguistics * Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes * Word formation, the creation of a new word by adding affixes Mathematics and science * Cave formation or speleothem, a secondar ...

of northern and central Bolivia. The formation comprises a thick succession of fine-grained, olive to brown

sandstone Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates) ...

s and

siltstone Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.Blatt ''et al.'' 1980, p ...

shale Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especial ...

s and black

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

s deposited in a shallow to deep marine

environment Environment most often refers to: __NOTOC__ * Natural environment, all living and non-living things occurring naturally * Biophysical environment, the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or ...

.Trilobite faunule in Catavi unit C2 near Cochabamba
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Fossil content

The formation has provided the following fossils: * '' Andinodesma radicostata'' * '' Antarctilamna seriponensis'' * '' Australocoelia tourteloti'' * '' Bolivacanthus sagitalis'' * '' Burmeisteria herscheli'' * '' Cingulochitina ceneratiensis'', '' C. ervensis'' * '' Clarkeia antisiensis'' * '' Climatius enodiscosta'' * '' Gomphonchus pluriformis'' * '' Gyracanthus seriponensis'' * '' Kazachstania gerardoi'' * '' Leonaspis (Leonaspis) aracana'' * '' Leonaspis (Leonaspis) berryi'' * '' Leonaspis (? Leonaspis) chacaltayana'' * '' Nodonchus rectus'' * '' Odontochile andii'' * '' Onchus punctuatus'', '' O. sicaeformis'' * '' Paciphacops waisfeldae'' * '' Palaeoneilo unionoides'' * '' Phacopina (Phacopina) chojnacotensis'' * '' Sinacanthus boliviensis'' * '' Turinia gondwana'' * '' Andinacaste cf. legrandi'' * '' Burmeisteria (Digonus) cf. noticus'' * '' Calymene sp.'' * '' Pleurodictyum sp.'' * '' Trimerus sp.'' * Acanthodii indet. * Brachiopoda indet. * Bryozoa indet. * Cephalopoda indet. * Gastropoda indet. * Ischnacanthida indet. * Ophiuroidea indet. * Palaeotaxodonta indet. * Tentaculitida indet. * Trilobita indet.

References

* G. D. Edgecombe and L. Ramskold. 1994. Earliest Devonian phacopide trilobites from central Bolivia. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 68(3/4):397-410 * P. Y. Gagnier, S. Turner, L. Friman, M. Suarez-Riglos, and P. Janvier. 1988. The Devonian vertebrate and mollusc fauna from Seripona (Dept. of Chiquisaca, Bolivia). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 176(2):269-297 * U. Rehfeld and J. Mehl. 1989. ''Andinodesma radiata'' n. gen. n. sp., a grammysiid taxon from the Lower Devonian Catavi-Formation (Bolivia) and its autecological and phylogenetic implications. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 63(3/4):263-279 * {{cite LSA , last=Wolfart , first=R , year=1968 , title=Die Trilobiten aus dem Devon Boliviens und ihre Bedeutung fuer Stratigraphie und Tiergeographie , journal= Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch , volume=74 , pages=5–201 Geologic formations of Bolivia Devonian System of South America Silurian System of South America Devonian Bolivia Silurian Bolivia Emsian Stage Lochkovian Stage Pragian Stage Pridoli geology Sandstone formations Siltstone formations Limestone formations Shallow marine deposits Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits Silurian southern paleotemperate deposits Paleontology in Bolivia Formations Formations

Fossil content

See also

References

Further reading