The Castilleae are a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

within the plant family

Moraceae Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their ...

. It includes eight to 11

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

and 55–60 species including '' Castilla'', the Panama rubber tree. Members of the tribe are primarily

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeogra ...

with two

Afrotropical The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopi ...

genera, one genus in

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

, and one in

New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...

. The tribe's distinctive inflorescence is unisexual in

monoecious Monoecy (; adj. monoecious ) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contras ...

species, with discoid to

urceolate This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary ...

receptacles with involucrate bracts. Other characteristics of the group include septate wood fibers and self-pruning branches.

Castilleae and ''Ficus''

Recent phylogenetic studies have highlighted a close sister relationship with the ''

Ficus ''Ficus'' ( or ) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family (biology), family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few spe ...

'' and have strongly supported the monophyly of the clade containing the Castilleae and ''Ficus''. The ancestral state of this clade and the origin of figs' distinctive inflorescence—the

syconium Syconium (: syconia) is the type of fruit borne by figs (genus ''Ficus''), formed by an enlarged, fleshy, hollow receptacle with multiple ovaries on the inside surface. In essence, it is really a fleshy stem with a number of flowers, so it is co ...

—was disputed until recently, but new phylogenetic analyses suggest that the evolution of

entomophily Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects. Flowers pollinated by insects typically advertise themselves with bright colours, some ...

and of an involucre of bracts surrounding the flower primordia preceded the divergence of these two groups, estimated to have occurred at least 83 Mya.

Genera

*'' Antiaris'' *''

Antiaropsis ''Antiaropsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Moraceae. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants. Its native range is New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , ...

'' *'' Castilla'' *'' Helicostylis'' *'' Maquira'' *''

Mesogyne ''Mesogyne insignis'' is a species of flowering plants in the family Moraceae. It is the sole species in genus ''Mesogyne''. It is a tree native to the island of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea and to eastern Tanzania Tanzania, officially ...

'' *'' Naucleopsis'' *''

Perebea ''Perebea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae. It includes ten species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Nicaragua to Bolivia and central Brazil. Species Ten species are accepted. * ''Perebea angustifolia'' (Poepp ...

'' *'' Poulsenia'' *'' Pseudolmedia'' *'' Sparattosyce''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4894635 Moraceae Rosales tribes