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Casterton is a town in Victoria,
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
, located on the
Glenelg Highway Glenelg Highway is a rural highway in south-eastern Australia, linking the major regional centres of Mount Gambier in south-eastern South Australia with Ballarat in western Victoria. Route Glenelg Highway commences at the intersection with Pri ...
, 42 kilometres east of the
South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...
n border, in the Shire of Glenelg. The Glenelg River passes through the town. Casterton is named after the village of Casterton in south-east
Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial county in North West England. It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north, Northumberland and County Durham to the east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, Lancash ...
in England.


History

Prior to white settlement, Aboriginal people of the Konongwootong Gundidj clan lived in the local area. The first white explorers to pass through the area were the expedition led by Major Thomas Mitchell in 1836 who spoke enthusiastically of the landscape's ''green hills, soft soils and flowery plains'', describing it as ideal for farming and settlement, naming it ''Australia Felix''.History of surrounding districts
swvic.org
The first white settlers in the area were the Henty brothers who had landed in
Portland Portland most commonly refers to: *Portland, Oregon, the most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon *Portland, Maine, the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine *Isle of Portland, a tied island in the English Channel Portland may also r ...
, Victoria in 1834 and who claimed 28,000 hectares between what are now the towns of Casterton and
Coleraine Coleraine ( ; from , 'nook of the ferns'Flanaghan, Deirdre & Laurence; ''Irish Place Names'', page 194. Gill & Macmillan, 2002. ) is a town and Civil parishes in Ireland, civil parish near the mouth of the River Bann in County Londonderry, No ...
. 'Warrock' Station, a sheep farming settlement, was established in 1841, 26 km north of what would be Casterton. The township of Casterton began on the crossing site of the Glenelg River, the location having been surveyed in 1840, and the first pub, the Glenelg Inn, was established in 1846 with a post-office opening the following year. The early history of the region was marred by violent clashes between settlers and Indigenous people, including multiple murders of Aboriginals that took place near Casterton in the late 1830s and early 1840s. In 1891, a large number of Casterton women signed the Victorian Women's Suffrage Petition to be tabled in the Victorian Parliament to grant women the right to vote (which was not allowed until 1908). By the 1890s, increasing soil erosion saw wheat-farming around Casterton begin to decline and it was largely replaced by meat, wool and dairy farming. Casterton's population expanded in the early 20th century, especially in the 1920s with the arrival of large numbers of soldier-settler farmers and during the post-war era in the 1950s. The Rail line to Casterton was closed 12 September 1977. The town's population began to decline in the 1990s which was consistent with the statewide trend of decreasing populations in many rural areas and the ageing of the local population. As of the 2021 census, the town had a population of 1,673 with the average age being 58.


Traditional ownership

The formally recognised
traditional owners Native title is the set of rights, recognised by Australian law, held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups or individuals to land that derive from their maintenance of their traditional laws and customs. These Aboriginal title rig ...
for the area in which Casterton sits are the
Gunditjmara People The Gunditjmara or Gunditjamara, also known as Dhauwurd Wurrung, are an Aboriginal Australian, Aboriginal people of southwestern Victoria (Australia), Victoria in Australia. They are the traditional owners, Traditional Owners of the areas now enc ...
who are represented by the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation.


Timeline

* 1840 Location of Casterton is first surveyed * 1846-1847 Opening of Casterton's first pub and post office * 1855 First Horse Racing Meet held in Casterton * 1870 The local newspaper-'' The Casterton News''-is first published * 1875 Casterton Football Club is founded * 1884 A railway link from Branxholme, Victoria to Casterton is established. * 1908 Establishment of Casterton Hospital * 1936 Official Opening of Casterton Town Hall * 1955 Casterton Elementary High School is built on the current site (now Casterton Secondary College) * 1977 Railway closed.


The kelpie

Casterton lays claim to be the birthplace of the breed of working dog known as the
kelpie A kelpie, or water kelpie (Scottish Gaelic: '' each-uisge''), is a mythical shape-shifting spirit inhabiting lochs in Scottish folklore. Legends of these shape-shifting water-horses, under various names, spread across the British Isles, appea ...
, a Scottish term meaning 'Water Sprite' and a name given to a black and tan bitch British working collie owned by Scotsman George Patterson, a farmer who lived north of Casterton in the 1870s. Patterson exchanged 'Kelpie' for a horse and the dog's new owner, a drover named Jack Gleeson, took her to Ardlethan, NSW where she mated with a black male Rutherford Sheepdog named 'Moss', producing several litters. Kelpie later mated with another male named 'Caesar', producing a female pup named 'King's Kelpie' which grew to become a champion sheepdog. The breed was further developed and refined during the next few decades. Ardlethan also lays claim to be the birthplace of the breed. In 1997, a working dog auction was held in Casterton, an annual event which grew to become the Casterton Kelpie Festival in 2001. The auction and festival event is now held each June in Casterton. To mark Casterton's 150th anniversary celebrations in 1996, a bronze sculpture of a kelpie by artist Peter Corlett was unveiled in front of Casterton's Town Hall.


The Fleur de Lys

A large version of the Fleur de Lys, used as the emblem of the
Scouts Scouting or the Scout Movement is a youth social movement, movement which became popularly established in the first decade of the twentieth century. It follows the Scout method of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activi ...
, is carved into Toorak Hill, a steep hill overlooking the eastern end of Casterton's main thoroughfare. The design has a circumference of 91 metres. In 1935, the Boy-Scouts and Cubs, in honour of the Silver Jubilee Celebrations of
King George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. George was born during the reign of his pa ...
, carved a large-scale version of the words 'The King' into the hill, each letter some six metres long. Encouraged by the success of this, the Scouts, to celebrate the 1941 opening of the town's new Scout-hall, carved the Fleur de Lys emblem into the hill and lit it up at night with the aid of a series of tins filled with oil-soaked rags which were set alight. Years later, the design was lit by electric strip lighting and is illuminated on most evenings throughout the year.


Community

The town has a Community Centre, a weekly local newspaper and hosts many activities throughout the year. The town has an
Australian Rules football Australian football, also called Australian rules football or Aussie rules, or more simply football or footy, is a contact sport played between two teams of 18 players on an Australian rules football playing field, oval field, often a modified ...
team competing in the Western Border Football League. Casterton Football Club, originally formed in 1875, won the Western District League Premiership 12 times between 1892 and 1963 and has won the Western Border League Premiership twice, in 1969 and 1990. The Casterton Racing Club schedules around four horse race meetings a year including the Casterton Cup meeting in May or June. Golfers play at the Casterton Golf Club on Penola Road. The town has a public outdoor swimming pool, a hospital, a secondary college and State and Catholic primary schools.


Notable residents

Notable residents of Casterton include: * William Macmahon Ball (diplomat, radio announcer & academic) *
Clarice Beckett Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett (21 March 1887 – 7 July 1935) was an Australian artist and a key member of the Australian Tonalism, Australian tonalist movement. Known for her subtle, misty landscapes of Melbourne and its suburbs, Beckett develop ...
(painter) was born in the Australasian Bank * Thomas George Cue (gold prospector whom the town of Cue, WA was named after) * Barry Gill (Australian Rules football player) * John Gill (Australian Rules football player) * Dame Mary Gilmore (writer, political activist & journalist) *
Murray Matheson Sidney Murray Matheson (1 July 1912 – 25 April 1985) was a U.S.-based Australian actor. He appeared on stage and in films and television programs until 1983. Biography Matheson was born in Casterton, Australia in 1912 where he grew up on a 3 ...
(actor) * Percy Meldrum, architect * Kathryn Mitchell (athlete) * Alan Richardson (Australian Rules football player) * Max Rooke (Australian Rules football player).afl.com.au
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Climate


References


External links


Casterton Now -local information site

Casterton District Pioneers and History
* ttp://www.theage.com.au/news/Victoria/Casterton/2005/02/17/1108500206301.html Short History of Casterton, Victoria {{authority control Towns in Victoria (state) Western District (Victoria)