Caspian Iran

Northern Iran (), is a geographical term that refers to a relatively large and fertile area, consisting of the southern border of the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountains.

It includes the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan (ancient kingdom of Hyrcania, medieval region of Tabaristan). The major provinces, Gilan and Mazandaran, are covered with dense forests, snow-covered mountains and impressive sea shores.

The major cities are Rasht, Gorgan, Sâri, Bâbol, Babolsar Amol, Qaem Shahr, Gonbad-e Kavus, Anzali, Lahijan and Behshahr. Northern Iran has numerous villages, particularly Massulé, appreciated by travellers.

Northern Iran was a trendy spot during the Pahlavi era, especially among foreign tourists. It was a luxurious place that provided all types of modern recreational facilities as well as tourism infrastructure. Today, it's mostly visited by domestic tourists.

Population

Mazandaran is the most populous of the 3 provinces of northern Iran, with 3,283,582 people at the time of 2016 census. Gilan's population in 2016 was 2,530,696 people and Golestan had the lowest population with 1,868,819 people.

The total population of the 3 provinces according to 2016 census was 7,683,097 people, with 2,486,429 households.

People and language

The northern provinces of Iran are the motherland and fatherland of the Tabari people ( Mazandarani and Katul people), Gilaks, Talashes, Tats, and the majority of the population of these three provinces are the Tabaris ( Mazandarani and Katul people), Gilaks, Talashes, and Tats, who speak the language They speak Tabari ( Mazandarani and Katuli), Gilaki language, Talshi language and Tati language. In addition to their mother tongue, the people of northern Iran also speak Persian.Iran is a very diverse country. "Dialect wise" there are different sub-languages and dialects of native speakers in the north of Iran as well the rest of the country. From the east to the west there are five major languages and hundreds of local dialects. If you talk to a native Iranian "north of Iran" are only the provinces on the south side of Caspian Sea which are '' Gilān, Māzandarān'' and '' Golestān, the last one'' has been separated from '' Māzandarān'' province at 1997
Here is the map of Iran with its provinces
Despite Iranian opinion of the north of Iran, ''Khorāsan'' at the east and the two '' Āzerbāijān''s at the west side of Iran are geographically at the north of Iran, therefore, their languages have been included in this article.

From the northeast, Khorasan which is a large province laid out from the north to the middle south of Iran and is a neighbor to the Afghanistan border. The language from the north to the south of this province changes drastically, In the north of ''Khorāsan'' people speak “''Ghaz Turkish''” going from the north to the middle of the province, the dialect changes to some sort of Arabic which belonged to an old Iraqi Arabic language. This language has been mixed drastically with Persian language which makes it impossible for an Arab speaker to understand it. There are some ''Kurdish'' speakers in the north of ''khorāsan'' as well.

From the north of Iran heading to the west, the next province is Golestān which has its own diversity in languages. until 1997 ''Golestān'' was a part of ''Māzandarān'' province. The main languages from the east to the west in this province are ''Turkmen'', ''Turkish'' and then Māzandarāni which is among the oldest written languages of the country
Māzandarāni

'' Māzandarān'' is the neighboring province which has the language of ''Māzandarāni'' all over the province which has ove
tens of different dialects in different regions.
almost all of them are sub categories of ''Māzandarāni''. Native people of ''Māzandarān'' call themselves ''Tabari'' and their Mazanderani language . The name ''Tapuri'' / ''Tabari'' (which was the name of an ancient language spoken somewhere in former Tapuria) is now used in preference to the name ''Mazandarani'' by the young. The earliest references to the language of Mazandaran, called Tabari, are to be found in the works of the early Muslim geographers. Al-Muqaddasī (or Moqaisi, 10th century), for example, notes: "The languages of Komish and Gurgan are similar, they use ''hā'', as in ''hā-dih'' and ''hāk-un'', and they are sweet o the ear related to them is the language of Tabaristan, imilarsave for its speediness."

The next province is '' Gilān, people of'' Gil''ā''n have three major languages: Gilaki language'', Rudbāri'' and '' Tāleshi'' with some other old languages which are spoken in small region on ''Gilān'' only. In the western side of ''Gilān'' people speak some sort of '' Gilaki'' which is heavily mixed with ''Āzari Turkish'', the language of the neighboring province.

After ''Gilān'' in the northwest of Iran, there are two ''Āzerbāijān'' provinces, the east and west ones, the main language is ''Āzari Turkish'' which is native language to the people of these provinces.

Majority of young generations of Iranian, in all over the country, are able to speak, read, and write Persian, which is a national language of the country and they learn it in schools.

Climate

*Cold semi-arid climate: the high mountains and valleys in parts of the Alborz range. In the heights, the weather is cold mountainous and most of the precipitation is in the form of snow. Manjil is an example of semi-arid climate found in the region.
*Mediterranean climate: found in eastern parts of Mazandaran and parts of Golestan. The weather is hot and dry in summer and wet in autumn and winter. Annual precipitation is from 450mm in Gonbad-e Kavus to over 900mm in Babolsar. Other examples include Gorgan and Amol.
*Humid subtropical climate: covering central and western plains of Mazandaran and the province of Gilān. The average annual rainfall amounts to 1200 or 1300 mm or even up to 1800 mm as in Bandar-e Anzali, other examples include Rasht, and Astara.

See also

* Caspian languages
* Northwestern Iran
* Western Iran
* Eastern Iran
* Central Iran
* Southern Iran

References

{{Reflist

Subdivisions of Iran