Carro Ciideed
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Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern
Bookh Boh (Somali language, Somali: ''Bookh''), popularly known as Iid'', is one of the Districts of Ethiopia, woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Werder Zone, Boh is located in the easternmost part of the country, at the point of the ...
. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers
Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...
and
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
, as well as neighboring Ethiopia, thus situating
Mudug Mudug () is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in north-central Somalia. The population of Mudug is 131,455 as of 2005. Overview Physiographically, Mudug is bordered to the west by Ethiopia, to the north and south by the Somali regions of Nu ...
immediately southeast of Ciid, the
Nugaal Valley The Nugaal Valley (, ), also called the Nogal Valley, is a long and broad valley located in northern Somalia. The Nugaal Valley is bounded to the north by the Warsangali clan, the Nugal Plateau and to the south by 'Iid. Overview The Nugaal Va ...
immediately north of Ciid, and
Haud The Haud (also Hawd) (, ), formerly known as the Hawd Reserve Area, is a plateau situated in the Horn of Africa consisting of thorn-bush and grasslands. The region includes the southern part of Somaliland as well as the northern and eastern part ...
to the west of Ciid. One historian referred to it as the syrup-colored land and it is today embodied by Ciid towns such as Futoxum, Magacley,
Qoriley Qoriley is a town in the Sool region of north western Somalia. History In 1997, the Baharsame clan in Qoriley and the Omar Mohamoud clan in Magaley were at odds over the construction of a concrete reservoir on suitable grazing land between ...
, Biriqodey,
Beerdhiga Magacley is a town in the Bookh region of the Somali region in Ethiopia. However sometimes, federal regions such as Puntland may classify it as under Burtinle district. Passage There is an adjoining passage to Magacley which links localities to the ...
and
Gumburka Cagaare Gumburka Cagaare, or simply Cagaare is a town in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, near the border with Somalia. It is in the Werder zone Dollo () is one of the nine zones in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as Warder/Werder, ...
. Ciid constitutes the northernmost parts of the disputed Somali-Ethiopian territory outlined in the 16 May 1908 Italo-Ethiopian border agreement also called the 1908 Convention. A 2001 Journal from
Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a state university system, system of Public university, public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. The system has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration o ...
describes Ciid as partially overlapping with Boocame District by referring to Ciid as ''north of the Mudug region and the west of the Garowe region''.


Anthropology

Someone who comes from Ciid is sometimes called ''reer Ciideed''. The long conventional name of Ciid is ''Arlo Ciideed'' or ''Carro Ciideed''. The
United Nations Environment Programme The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system. It was established by Maurice Strong, its first director, after the Declaration of the United Nati ...
refers to the landform as ''Dhulka Ciid'', and anglicizes it as '''Iid''. Physiographically, '''Iid'' or '''iid'' is bounded to the west by Haud, to the southwest by Himan, to the south by Danla, to the north by Nugaal, to the east by Rohr, and to the southeast by Mudug. On Occasion, British colonial administrators used the term ''Awan'' to describe parts of the '''iid'' region. According to Said S Samatar, Ciid or 'Iid, was during the onset of colonialism primarily inhabited by the Bah Ali Gheri clan. Ciid was one of the land-staking claims during poetic comminations of the chain of Guba poems. According to a Qamaan Bulxaan poem, you can immediately access Dannood from 'iid (Ciid) thereby making 'iid (Ciid) and Dannood neighbours.


Other archaic terms


Huwan

Huwan is the pre-colonial era name of the people and the land-mass of the
Somali Region The Somali Region (, , ), also known as Soomaali Galbeed () and officially the Somali Regional State, is a Regions of Ethiopia, regional state in eastern Ethiopia. It is the largest region of Ethiopia. The state borders the Ethiopian regions ...
which is immediately to the southwest of 'iid. Colonial administrator Douglas Jardine described Huwan as a no-man's land:
“This region has always been accursed, a no-man's land populated by fanatical Ogaden tribes, and a refuge for outlaws and malcontents from the surrounding territories.
At the onset of the colonial era, the term Huwan came to denote a local and colloquial name for the Somalis and the region under the direct or nominal rule of
Menelik II Menelik II ( ; horse name Aba Dagnew (Amharic: አባ ዳኘው ''abba daññäw''); 17 August 1844 – 12 December 1913), baptised as Sahle Maryam (ሣህለ ማርያም ''sahlä maryam'') was king of Shewa from 1866 to 1889 and Emperor of Et ...
. On the other hand, the local and colloquial name for the land and people north of Huwan who were ruled by the British was ''
Rayid Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain an ...
'', those to the east of Huwan who were under Italian rule were natively referred to as ''
Dhabayaco Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain and ...
'', whilst in their midst, the people of the Ciid and Nugaal Valley regions were called ''Darawiish''. In Darawiish poetry, the Huwan,
Rayid Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain an ...
and
Dhabayaco Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain and ...
are collectively referred to as by the epithet ''aqdaamo ferenji''. The Huwan region was briefly ruled by the Sayid, head of the Darawiish, from the start of 1900 until the Gurdumi incident in the summer of 1900. The Sayids prestige was very high in the aftermath of the military victory over the Abyssinians at Jigjiga in March 1900. However, some Ogaden tribesmen felt the Sayid was growing too much in power and as such plotted to assassinate him in an incident called Gurdumi. Although the Sayid managed to evade the assassination attempt, his closest confident, Aw Abbas died at the spears of the conspirators. In revenge, the Sayid killed all delegates of a peace delegation and party whom was sent to pay blood money for Aw Abbas. The Ogaden subsequently paired with Menelik II to drive the Sayid and the Darawiish away from the Huwan and back into Ciid and Nugaal regions. This incident is collectively referred to as Gurdumi. The people of Huwan would subsequently come to be under the rule of Menelik II either nominally or directly via taxation or other obligations, via an Abyssinian representative based at Harar.Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 , PAGE 176 The governor of the Huwan at the turn of the 20th century was Xuseen Dalal Iljeex, an ally of emperor Menelik II and opponent of the Sayid. According to Ahmed Farah Ali Idaajaa, the main centers of the Somali Region of Ethiopia then known as Huwan, had always been enemies of the Darawiish:


Dhabayaco

Immediately to the east of 'Iid, Dhabayaco was a native
endonym An endonym (also known as autonym ) is a common, name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate them ...
and ethnotoponym to describe the Somali inhabitants of
Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland (; ; ) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate in the north, and by the Hiraab Imamate and ...
to the north of the capital
Mogadishu Mogadishu, locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and List of cities in Somalia by population, most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting traders across the Indian Ocean for millennia and has ...
, . Whilst the Somalis north of the capital Mogadishu were called Dhabayaco, those immediate surroundings of the capital were intermittently called ''Filonardi Company'' or ''Benadiri''. Those Somalis to the west of the Dhabayaco in the
Somali Region The Somali Region (, , ), also known as Soomaali Galbeed () and officially the Somali Regional State, is a Regions of Ethiopia, regional state in eastern Ethiopia. It is the largest region of Ethiopia. The state borders the Ethiopian regions ...
under Abyssinian rule were referred to as
Huwan Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain and ...
, the places along and beyond the Jubaland border was natively called ''Waamo'', those in the uncolonized region in Ciid and Nugaal Valley were called Darawiish whilst those in the northwest of the peninsula under British rule were referred to as ''
Rayid Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain an ...
''. Rayid is a native endonym to describe northern Somalis who signed colonial treaties with European colonial powers. In its narrower and most common sense, the term ''Rayid'' refers to those who signed colonial treaties with the British and were subject to British administrators stationed in Berbera. In its broader but more obscure and rare sense, the term ''rayid'' has also been used to describe any Somali who signed a colonial treaty with any European colonial power.Somaaliya: horey iyo hadda -Maxamed Cismaan Cumar · 2006 , PAGE 72 The Rayid Somalis were bordered by the ''
Huwan Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain and ...
'' (Somalis under Abyssinian rule) in the south, by the Darawiish in the east, and briefly during the Illig treaty, the Rayid Somalis also momentarily bordered the ''
Dhabayaco Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain and ...
'', a native endonym for Somalis who were under Italian rule. One of the main differences between a rayid, one who acceded to colonial treaties, and a darawiish, one who shunned colonial treaties, is that the former adhered to the Qadiriya Sufi tariqa, whilst the latter adopted the Salihiya tariqah. Since the British also used to administer British Jubaland, Jubaland's era as a province of British East Africa could also be regarded as ''Rayid''.Hill, Martin JD. Daawo La'aanta: Beelaha Iaga tirada Badan yahay Soomaaliya ee La Illaawey. Minority Rights Group International, 2010.


Rayid

To the north of 'Iid, a Rayid was a native endonym to describe northern Somalis who signed colonial treaties with European colonial powers. In its narrower and most common sense, the term ''Rayid'' refers to those who signed colonial treaties with the British and were subject to British administrators stationed in Berbera. In its broader but more obscure and rare sense, the term ''rayid'' has also been used to describe any Somali who signed a colonial treaty with any European colonial power. The Rayid Somalis were bordered by the ''
Huwan Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain and ...
'' (Somalis under Abyssinian rule) in the south, by the Darawiish in the east, and briefly during the Illig treaty, the Rayid Somalis also momentarily bordered the ''
Dhabayaco Ciid or 'Iid () is an archaic native geographic name for the land between the region of Mudug and the Nugaal Valley, roughly congruous with the northern Bookh. As such, Ciid constitutes the tripoint of the two former colonial powers Britain and ...
'', a native endonym for Somalis who were under Italian rule. One of the main differences between a rayid, one who acceded to colonial treaties, and a darawiish, one who shunned colonial treaties, is that the former adhered to the Qadiriya Sufi tariqa, whilst the latter adopted the Salihiya tariqah. Since the British also used to administer British Jubaland, Jubaland's era as a province of British East Africa could also be regarded as ''Rayid''. Colonial regiments which were composed out of rayids, include
Illaloes Illaloes, nicknamed the Tally-hoes during its inception, were a Rayid military arm of the King's African Rifles and Somaliland Camel Corps during the Scramble for Africa period of colonial history. However, subsequent to this period, they were em ...
, the
Somaliland Scouts The Somaliland Scouts was a Rayid military unit, a regiment, of the British Army. It was established after the liberation of British Somaliland from Italy in December 1941 and the dissolution of the Somaliland Camel Corps in 1942, which was forme ...
and the
Somaliland Camel Corps The Somaliland Camel Corps (SCC) was a British Colonial Auxiliary Forces unit which was raised in British Somaliland. It existed from 1914 until 1944. Beginnings and the Dervish rebellion In 1888, after signing successive treaties with the the ...
. There were some Rayids who were given positions of privilege above other rayid. These rayid leaders included Mohamed Bullaleh, known in Somali as Xaaji Bullaale; he is best known for leading the Hagoogane raid wherein 60,000 heads of cattle were looted from the Sayid; Musa Farah Egarreh, the highest ranked Somali in the camel corps, referred to by Douglas Jardine as "the most distinguished Somali on our side".Mad Mullah of Somaliland, Douglas Jardine · 2015 , 311


Koufur

Koofuur or Koufur was the former name of the modern
South West State of Somalia The South-West State of Somalia (), ( Af-Maay: ''Koofur Orsé''), is a Federal Member State in southwestern Somalia. It was founded by Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud, leader of the Somalia RRA on 1 April 2002. It was the third autonomous regio ...
. Captain Abud, the British Consul at Aden, described it as follows:
“Koufur is a country formerly Hawiya and lies between Webbe Shabeli and the Juba and to the west of the Rahanwein (Jeberties); its ports are Merka, Haman (Hamar?) and Barawa. The country was formerly Hawiya but owing to an influx of other people the language has become assimilated to that of the Jeberties.


References

{{reflist Ciid 20th century in Ethiopia