Carolus Maneken or Carolus Virulus (or any of the spelling variations of the name, including Karel and Karolus for Carolus, Menneken, Mennicken or Meniken for Maneken, and Viruli for Virulus) (1419?-1493) was a professor at the Leuven University and the author of the ''Formulae Epistularum''. Carolus Maneken was born circa 1419 in either

Ghent Ghent ( ; ; historically known as ''Gaunt'' in English) is a City status in Belgium, city and a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the Provinces of Belgium, province ...

Kassel Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in North Hesse, northern Hesse, in Central Germany (geography), central Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel (region), Kassel and the d ...

. He studied in Leuven, and was from 1437 until his death in 1493 the first director of the "Collège du Lys" or Paedagogium Lilii, one of the four colleges of the Arts Faculty. The ''Formulae Epistolarum'', also known as ''Epistule Caroli'', was a book first published in 1476 by Johann Veldener in Leuven, and reprinted dozens of times over the next few decades. It contained example letters in Latin for many occasions, and was based on the classic examples of

Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises tha ...

's ''Epistolae ad familiares'' and the contemporary work by Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, later known as

Pope Pius II Pope Pius II (, ), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 1458 to his death in 1464. Aeneas Silvius was an author, diplomat, ...

, which was also published in Louvain by the same publisher. The last known edition dates from 1520. In 1503, the German humanist Heinrich Bebel attacked Maneken's by then outdated work in his ''Commentarium epistolarum conficiendarum ..contra epistolas Caroli''. Later, the same is done by

Desiderius Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...

in ''De conscribendis epistolis''. Spanish humanist

Juan Luis Vives Juan Luis Vives y March (; ; ; ; 6 March 6 May 1540) was a Spaniards, Spanish (Valencian people, Valencian) scholar and Renaissance humanist who spent most of his adult life in the southern Habsburg Netherlands. His beliefs on the soul, insigh ...

also discussed Maneken and his work in his 1531 book ''De tradendis disciplinis''.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maneken, Carolus 1410s births 1493 deaths People from the Burgundian State Flemish Renaissance humanists Academic staff of the Old University of Leuven Male non-fiction writers