Carniadactylus

''Carniadactylus'' is a genus of pterosaur which existed in Europe during the Late Triassic period (Norian stage,Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Edwards, N. P., & Milner, A. R. (2008). Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. ''Zitteliana'', 61-107

/ref> about 217-213 million years ago).Müller R.T., Ezcurra M.D., Garcia M.S., Agnolín F.L., Stocker M.R., Novas F.E., Soares M.B., Kellner A.W.A. & Nesbitt S.J. (2023). ”New reptile shows dinosaurs and pterosaurs evolved among diverse precursors”. Nature 620(7974): p. 589–594. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06359-z The genus contains a single species, ''Carniadactylus rosenfeldi''.

Description

''Carniadactylus'' was similar in appearance and anatomy to its close relative ''Eudimorphodon'', though it was significantly smaller. Like ''Eudimorphodon'', it is notable for its complex multi-cusped teeth. Despite their similarities, the size difference between these two pterosaurs likely meant that they occupied different niches and relied on different food sources. This is supported by studies of their teeth. While similar in construction, the teeth of ''Carniadactylus'' show little to no wear, unlike the larger, fish-eating ''Eudimorphodon'', which may have been able to chew its food. The smaller ''Carniadactylus'' probably fed on smaller, soft-bodied prey like worms and insect larvae.Osi, A. (2010). "Feeding-related characters in basal pterosaurs: implications for jaw mechanism, dental function and diet." ''Lethaia'',

Classification

In 1995 the Italian paleontologist Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia named a new species of the genus ''Eudimorphodon'': ''E. rosenfeldi''. The specific name honors the finder Corrado Rosenfeld. The holotype was MFSN 1797, a partial fossil skeleton with parts of the skull and lower jaws, but lacking the tail, found near Udine.

It soon became clear however, that in cladistic analyses ''E. rosenfeldi'' was not the sister taxon of the type species of ''Eudimorphodon'': ''E. ranzii''. This made, dependent on the precise analysis, the genus paraphyletic or polyphyletic.

To avoid this Dalla Vecchia in 2009 created the new genus ''Carniadactylus''. The type species is ''Carniadactylus rosenfeldi''. The genus name is derived from Carnia, the name of the region the fossil was found, and Greek ''daktylos'', "finger", a reference to the wing finger typical of pterosaurs. A second specimen, MPUM 6009, is the paratype, consisting of an almost complete skeleton that however has been largely preserved as an impression only. It is a third shorter than the holotype, that itself indicated a wingspan of about seventy centimetres. The disparity was by Dalla Vecchia explained as intraspecific variability. In 2015, Alexander Kellner named a separate genus for MPUM 6009: ''Bergamodactylus''. Dalla Vecchia however, retained MPUM 6009 within the taxon ''Carniadactylus rosenfeldi'' in 2018.

According to earlier analyses by Alexander Kellner, ''Carniadactylus'' was thought to be related to ''Peteinosaurus'' within the Dimorphodontidae. David Unwin later placed it into the Campylognathoididae. This was supported by an analysis by Dalla Vecchia that showed ''Carniadactylus'' as the sister taxon of '' Caviramus''. However, a more thorough phylogenetic analysis by Andres & Myers in 2013 supported the original interpretation of ''Carniadactylus'' as the sister taxon to the type species of ''Eudimorphodon'', and they reclassified it within that genus. The following phylogenetic analysis follows the topology of Upchurch ''et al.'' (2015).

In 2020 however, a study upheld by Matthew G. Baron about early pterosaur interrelationships found ''Carniadactylus'' to group with '' Caviramus'', '' Raeticodactylus'', and the Austriadraconidae, which in turn were within a clade called Caviramidae.Matthew G. Baron (2020). "Testing pterosaur ingroup relationships through broader sampling of avemetatarsalian taxa and characters and a range of phylogenetic analysis techniques". PeerJ. 8: e9604. doi:10.7717/peerj.9604. PMC 7512134. .

See also

* List of pterosaur genera
* Timeline of pterosaur research

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2078471

Pterosaurs
Late Triassic pterosaurs of Europe
Fossil taxa described in 2009