Carmichaelia

''Carmichaelia'' (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, '' Carmichaelia exsul'', is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably dispersed there from New Zealand.

The formerly recognised genera ''Chordospartium'', ''Corallospartium'', ''Notospartium'' and ''Huttonella'' are now all included in ''Carmichaelia''. The genera ''Carmichaelia'', ''Clianthus'' (kakabeak), '' Montigena'' (scree pea) and ''Swainsona'' comprise the clade Carmichaelinae. ''Carmichaelia'' is named after Captain Dugald Carmichael, a Scottish army officer and botanist who studied New Zealand plants.

''Carmichaelia'' ranges in form from trees to prostrate species a few centimetres high. Mature plants are usually leafless, their leaves replaced by stipules which have fused into scales.

''Carmichaelia'' species are found throughout New Zealand, although the eastern South Island has 15 species endemic to it. Most species have a restricted range within New Zealand. They colonise disturbed ground in shallow, poor soils, drought- and frost-prone areas, and alluvial soils.

The New Zealand brooms are not closely related to the European common broom ''Cytisus scoparius.'' Common broom has been introduced to New Zealand, where it is sometimes known as ''Scotch broom'' to distinguish it from native species and is classed as a noxious weed because of its invasiveness.

Species

''Carmichaelia'' includes the following species:ILDIS species list for ''Carmichaelia''
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*'' Carmichaelia aligera'' G. Simpson – North Island broom; common throughout the northern part of the North Island.
*'' Carmichaelia angustata'' Kirk – leafy broom
*'' Carmichaelia appressa'' G.Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia arborea'' (G.Forst.) Druce – South Island broom
*'' Carmichaelia arenaria'' G. Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia astonii'' G.Simpson
*'' Carmichaelia australis'' R.Br.
*'' Carmichaelia carmichaeliae'' (Hook.f.) Heenan
*'' Carmichaelia compacta'' Petrie

*'' Carmichaelia corrugata'' Colenso
*'' Carmichaelia crassicaulis'' Hook.f. – coral broom; occurs in arid, stony ground on the eastern side of the Southern Alps, growing up to an altitude of 1300 m.
*''Carmichaelia cunninghamii'' Raoul
*''Carmichaelia curta'' Petrie
*''Carmichaelia egmontiana'' (Cockayne & Allan) G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia enysii'' – dwarf broom; forms low clumps not more than a few centimetres high. Found south of Arthur's Pass. (Both NZPCN and Plants of the World Online treat it as a synonym of '' C. nana''.)
*'' Carmichaelia exsul'' F.Muell
*''Carmichaelia fieldii'' Cockayne (Treated as synonym of '' C. juncea'' by Plants of the World Online.)
*''Carmichaelia flagelliformis'' Hook. – whip broom; the stems are rounded, thin and whippy. Found from the East Cape southwards.
*'' Carmichaelia floribunda'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia glabrata'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia glabrescens'' (Petrie) Heenan – pink broom; grows up to 10 m high. It is restricted to growing at altitude in the Marlborough region of the South Island.

*''Carmichaelia grandiflora'' – large-flowered broom; found only on the West Coast of the South Island.
*''Carmichaelia hollowayi'' G.Simpson
*''Carmichaelia hookeri'' Kirk
* ''Carmichaelia'' × ''hutchinsii'' (M.D.Griffiths) Heenan
*''Carmichaelia juncea'' Hook.f.
*'' Carmichaelia kirkii'' Hook.f.
*''Carmichaelia lacustris'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia monroi'' Hook.f.
*''Carmichaelia muritai'' (A.W.Purdie) Heenan
*''Carmichaelia nana'' (Hook.f.) Hook.f.
*''Carmichaelia nigrans'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia odorata'' Benth. – scented broom
*''Carmichaelia orbiculata'' Colenso
*''Carmichaelia ovata'' G. Simpson

*'' Carmichaelia petriei'' Kirk
*''Carmichaelia prona'' Kirk
*''Carmichaelia ramosa'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia rivulata'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia robusta'' Kirk
*''Carmichaelia silvatica'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia solandri'' G. Simpson
*''Carmichaelia stevensonii'' (Cheeseman) Heenan – weeping broom, tree broom; a distinctive tree, growing up to 9 m high. It occurs only at altitude in the northeast corner of the South Island, particularly along the Waiau Toa / Clarence River and the Awatere River.
*''Carmichaelia suteri'' Colenso
*''Carmichaelia torulosa'' (Kirk) Heenan
*''Carmichaelia uniflora'' Kirk
*''Carmichaelia uniflora'' Kirk
*''Carmichaelia violacea'' Kirk
*''Carmichaelia virgata'' Kirk (Synonym of '' C. petriei'' Kirk according to Plants of the World Online)
*''Carmichaelia williamsii'' Kirk – giant-flowered broom; found in coastal regions of the Bay of Plenty and East Cape.
*''Carmichaelia vexillata'' Heenan

References

External links

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q1043776

Flora of New Zealand
Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
Fabaceae genera