Carlo Schanzer (18 December 1865 – 23 October 1953) was a Vienna-born Italian jurist and politician. He held several cabinet posts from 1906 to 1922.

Early life and education

Schanzer was born in Vienna on 18 December 1865. His father was a Polish-born business lawyer, and his mother was a pianist. Schanzer had three siblings. His brother Ottone was a

librettist A libretto (From the Italian word , ) is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major ...

and the other, Roberto, was an engineer and mathematician while his sister,

Alice Alice may refer to: * Alice (name), most often a feminine given name, but also used as a surname Literature * Alice (''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''), a character in books by Lewis Carroll * ''Alice'' series, children's and teen books by ...

, married Tancredi Galimberti, a well-known poet and writer. In the 1870s the family moved to Milan and then to Rome. After graduating from a high school in Rome Schanze received a bachelor's degree in law in November 1886. In 1888 he obtained Italian citizenship.

Career

Schanzer was a member of the

Council of State A council of state is a governmental body in a country, or a subdivision of a country, with a function that varies by jurisdiction. It may be the formal name for the cabinet or it may refer to a non-executive advisory body associated with a head ...

and then became the director general of the civil administration at the

Ministry of the Interior An interior ministry or ministry of the interior (also called ministry of home affairs or ministry of internal affairs) is a government department that is responsible for domestic policy, public security and law enforcement. In some states, the ...

. He was elected to the

Italian Parliament The Italian Parliament () is the national parliament of the Italy, Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861), the Parliament of the Kingd ...

in 1900 and to the

Italian Senate The Senate of the Republic (), or simply the Senate ( ), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, the lower house being the Chamber of Deputies. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform iden ...

in 1919. He was appointed minister of posts to the third Giolitti cabinet and was in office in the period 1906–1909. He served as the minister of treasury and as the

minister of finance A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position . A ministry of finance's portfolio ...

in the

first First most commonly refers to: * First, the ordinal form of the number 1 First or 1st may also refer to: Acronyms * Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array * Far Infrared a ...

and

second The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of U ...

cabinets of

Francesco Saverio Nitti Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola Nitti (; 19 July 1868 – 20 February 1953) was an Italian economist and statesman. A member of the Italian Radical Party, Nitti served as Prime Minister of Italy between 1919 and 1920. An opponent of the ...

between 1919 and 1920. Schanzer was named as the

minister of foreign affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and foreign relations, relations, diplomacy, bilateralism, ...

to the Facta cabinet on 25 February 1922. During the Fascist rule in Italy Schanzer continued his public activities and was appointed minister of state in December 1928. Following the end of the Fascist period

Carlo Sforza Count Carlo Sforza (24 January 1872 – 4 September 1952) was an Italian nobility, Italian nobleman, diplomat and Anti-fascism, anti-fascist politician. Life and career Sforza was born in Lucca, the second son of Count Giovanni Sforza (184 ...

, high commissioner for the sanctions against fascism, proposed Schanzer's forfeiture on 7 August 1944 based on the verdict of the a higher court dated 21 October 1944. Against the order Schanzer appealed to the Supreme Court of Cassation which annulled the forfeiture on 8 July 1948.

Personal life and death

Schanzer published several articles in different academic journals, including ''

Current History ''Current History'' is the oldest extant United States–based publication devoted exclusively to contemporary world affairs. The magazine was founded in 1914 by George Washington Ochs Oakes, brother of ''The New York Times'' publisher Adolph ...

''. On 20 July 1899 he married Corinna Centurini with whom he had two daughters, Fulvia and Ludovica. He died in Rome on 23 October 1953. His grandson was Carlo Ripa di Meana, an Italian politician and noble, who was the son of Fulvia.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Schanzer, Carlo 1865 births 1953 deaths Government ministers of Italy Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy Politicians from Vienna Ministers of finance of Italy Ministers of foreign affairs of Italy Italian people of Polish descent Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Italy 19th-century Italian jurists