Carlo Caproli or Caprioli ( – 1668),Affortunato 2008, . also called Carlo del Violino, was an Italian

violinist The following lists of violinists are available: * List of classical violinists * List of contemporary classical violinists * List of jazz violinists * List of popular music violinists * List of Indian violinists * List of Persian violinists * Li ...

organist An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ (music), organ. An organist may play organ repertoire, solo organ works, play with an musical ensemble, ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumentalist, instrumental ...

, and a leading

composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and def ...

cantatas A cantata (; ; literally "sung", past participle feminine singular of the Italian verb ''cantare'', "to sing") is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir. The meaning ...

in mid-17th-century Italy.Caluori 2001.Sadie 1990, p. 59.

Life

Early life and career

Carlo Caproli was born in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

. His father (originally from

Poli DNA polymerase iota is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''POLI'' gene. It is found in higher eukaryotes, and is believed to have arisen from a gene duplication from Pol η. Pol ι, is a Y family polymerase that is involved in transl ...

) was a seller of green vegetables (''erbarolo''). He was recorded as Carlo del Violino in 1636, when he was engaged by the

Barberini family The House of Barberini is a family of the Italian nobility that rose to prominence in the 17th century Rome. Their influence peaked with the election of Cardinal Maffeo Barberini to the papal throne in 1623, as Pope Urban VIII. Their urban pa ...

for performances of ''Santa Teodora'' (with a text by

Giulio Rospigliosi Pope Clement IX (; ; 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 20 June 1667 to his death in December 1669. Giulio Rospigliosi was born into the noble Ro ...

). Caproli was considered to be a ''maestro di cappella'' beginning in 1638, and was in charge of the music for the festival of the patron saint of San Girolamo degli Schiavoni up to 1643. He was an organist under

Giacomo Carissimi (Gian) Giacomo Carissimi (; baptized 18 April 160512 January 1674) was an Italian composer and music teacher. He is one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque or, more accurately, the Roman School of music. Carissimi established the ...

at the Collegio Germanico beginning in September 1643 and held the post until 1645. On 15 November 1644 he was appointed ''aiutante di camera'' under Cardinal Camillo Pamphili, but left that position in April 1647. He first appeared at

San Luigi dei Francesi The Church of St. Louis of the French (, , ) is a Catholic Church, Catholic church near Piazza Navona in Rome. The church is dedicated to the patron saints of France: Virgin Mary, Dionysius the Areopagite and King Louis IX of France. The churc ...

on 25 August 1652 as a violinist hired for the occasion. Caproli's wife was related to the Roman publisher

Agostino Mascardi Agostino Mascardi (; 2 September 1590 – 1640) was an Italian rhetorician, historian and poet. Expelled from the Jesuit Order by his superiors, Mascardi pursued a successful career as a secretary for various important figures, and became a reno ...

Paris

In November 1653, Caproli and his wife went to Paris, where he was commissioned by

Cardinal Mazarin Jules Mazarin (born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino or Mazarini; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), from 1641 known as Cardinal Mazarin, was an Italian Catholic prelate, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the Kings of France Lou ...

to compose the opera '' Le nozze di Peleo e di Theti'' (music lost) with an Italian libretto by Mazarin and Francesco Buti. The premiere, which included ballet intermèdes with a French text by

Isaac de Benserade Isaac de Benserade (; baptized 5 November 161310 October 1691) was a French poet and playwright. Born in Lyons-la-Forêt, Normandy, his family appears to have been connected with Richelieu, who bestowed on him a pension of 600 ''livres''. On R ...

and music by uncredited French composers, was given on 14 April 1654 at the Théâtre du Petit-Bourbon with decors by

Giacomo Torelli Giacomo Torelli (1 September 1608 – 17 June 1678) was an Italian stage designer, scenery painter, engineer, and architect. His work in stage design, particularly his designs of machinery for creating spectacular scenery changes and other spe ...

. The 15-year-old

King Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any monar ...

appeared in no fewer than six roles. The production received nine performances, the final two open to the public, and it was considered a great success, although this was primarily due to the French ballets in the intervals. For his efforts, Caproli was made ''maître de la musique du cabinet du Roy'', which suggests he may have directed the performances.

Later career in Rome

Caproli returned to Rome in 1655. He again directed the music for the festival of San Girolamo and, as one of the best violinists in the city, made numerous appearances, including at San Luigi dei Francesi,

Santa Maria Maggiore Santa Maria Maggiore (), also known as the Basilica of Saint Mary Major or the Basilica of Saint Mary the Great, is one of the four Basilicas in the Catholic Church#Major and papal basilicas, major papal basilicas and one of the Seven Pilgrim C ...

, and

Santa Maria del Popolo The Parish Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo () is a titular church and a minor basilica in Rome run by the Augustinian order. It stands on the north side of Piazza del Popolo, one of the most famous squares in the city. The church is hemmed in b ...

, where he played for the Vespers of 8 September. In 1665 he took up the post of ''guardiano'' of the instrumentalists at the Congregazione dei Musici di Roma (later the

Accademia di Santa Cecilia The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia () is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world, founded by the papal bull ''Ratione congruit'', issued by Sixtus V in 1585, which invoked two saints prominent in Western musical history: Greg ...

). He composed numerous solo and ensemble cantatas, many with instruments, and several

oratorios An oratorio () is a musical composition with dramatic or narrative text for choir, soloists and orchestra or other ensemble. Similar to opera, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an instrumental ensemble, various distinguishabl ...

. Caproli died in Rome just before 20 December 1668, the day on which his will was opened.

Works

Stage works

* ''Le nozze di Peleo e di Theti'', opera (''commedia''), text by Francesco Buti, music lost; performed Paris, Petit Bourbon, 14 April 1654 * 4 oratorios, lost, one with text by Caproli; performed Rome,

Oratory of Santissimo Crocifisso The Oratorio del Santissimo Crocifisso or the Oratory of the Most Holy Crucifix is a building in central Rome, Italy. Connected to the nearby church of San Marcello al Corso, it houses the Crucifix of San Marcello and served as a chapel and m ...

, 1650, 1665, 1667 * ''David’ prevaricante e poi pentito'', oratorio, text by Lelio Orsini, dated 1683; score in Vienna,

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek The Austrian National Library (, ) is the largest library in Austria, with more than 12 million items in its various collections. The library is located in the Neue Burg Wing of the Hofburg in center of Vienna. Since 2005, some of the collection ...

, no. 16272

Cantatas

Number of voices, accompaniment, and location of the score are given in parentheses after the title. According to Eleanor Caluori, many of these catatas are incorrectly attributed to Francesco Mannelli in the first edition of ''

Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart ''Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart'' (''MGG''; "Music in the Past and Present") is a German music encyclopedia. It is among the world's most comprehensive encyclopedias of music history and musicology, on account of its scope, content, wealth ...

''. * ''A fuggir, a seguir beltà tiranna'' (one voice,

basso continuo Basso continuo parts, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), provided the harmonic structure of the music by supplying a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing th ...

; Rome,

Biblioteca Casanatense The Biblioteca Casanatense is a large historic library in Rome, Italy, named in honour of Cardinal Girolamo Casanate (1620–1700) whose private library is at its roots. History The library was established in 1701 by Antonin Cloche, the Ma ...

) * ''Amor, deggio io servir'' (three voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Bella Filli, io partirò'' (two voices, basso continuo; London,

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit li ...

) * ''Chi d’amor si vuol difendere'' (one voice, basso continuo;

Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...

, Faculty of Music Library) * ''Chi non sa qual tormento'' (three voices; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Chi può Nina mirare'' (one voice, basso continuo; Paris,

Bibliothèque nationale de France The (; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites, ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including bo ...

; edition by Henry Prunières) * ''Chi sempre disse no'' (two voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Chi vuol esser amante'' (three voices; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Ci volea questo di più'' (one voice, basso continuo; Paris, Geneviève Thibault, private collection in BnF) * ''Con fronte sicura'' (one voice, basso continuo; Oxford, Faculty of Music Library) * ''Conoscer quando inganna'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''Con piede lento giungon l’hore'' (three voices, basso continuo;

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana The Vatican Apostolic Library (, ), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library. It was formally established in 1475, alth ...

) * ''Con voi parlo, amanti'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Conservatorio di Musica Santa Cecilia) * ''Correte, amanti, a rimirar'' (three voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Dallo strale d’amor'' (two voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Di Cupido è legge antica'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Conservatorio di Musica Santa Cecilia) * ''Di sue bellezze altera'', text by Domenico Benigni (one

soprano A soprano () is a type of classical singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types. The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation) is from approximately middle C (C4) = 261 Hertz, Hz to A5 in Choir, choral ...

, basso continuo; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France; Rome, Conservatorio di Musica Santa Cecilia) * ''Dite che far poss’io'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca, no.16796 wo settings * ''E dove, Eurillo, il passo'' (two voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''E pur tornate a dirmi'', text by F. Melosi (one voice, basso continuo; Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana) * ''E quando ve n’andate, speranze'' (one voice, basso continuo; Oxford, Faculty of Music Library) * ''Era condotto a morte'' (one voice, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''E un gran foco'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''Fate largo alla speranza'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Vittorio Emanuele II) * ''Ferma il piè, taci'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''Frondosi e verdi boschi'', text by Conte Barbazza (one voice, basso continuo; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France) * ''Gia languide le stelle'' (three voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Giurai cangiar pensiero'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''Hanno da durar più'' (one voice, basso continuo; Venice, Conservatorio di Musica Benedetto Marcello, Biblioteca) * ''Ho desio di saper'' (two voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Hor ch’ho sentito un si'' (one voice, basso continuo; London, British Library); * ''Hor ch’il gelido rigor'' (two voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Hor ch’l ciel di stelle adorno'' (three voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Il cor sempre costante'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''Infelice chi crede a i sospiri'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Conservatorio di Musica Santa Cecilia) * ''Io che tra muti horrori'', text by F. Melosi, serenade (one voice, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Io mi struggo in lento foco'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Conservatorio di Musica Santa Cecilia) * ''Io non so che cosa m’habbia'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''In questa oscuritade horrida'' (one voice, basso continuo; Cambridge, King's College, Rowe Music Library) * ''Languia Filen trafitto'' (one voice, basso continuo; Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana) * ''Le note ove son chiusi'', text by Marini (two voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Lidio, invano presumi'' (one voice, basso continuo), 1679 * ''Lilla, con gran ragione'', text by Melosi (one voice, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Mene contento, non ricuso pena'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''Mi è stato detto che al foco'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''Mondo, non mi chiamar'' (one voice, basso continuo; Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek) * ''Morto voi mi bramate'', text by G. Lotti (2 voices, basso continuo;

Modena Modena (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It has 184,739 inhabitants as of 2025. A town, and seat of an archbis ...

, Biblioteca Estense e Universitaria) * ''Navicella ch’a bel vento'' (four voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale; edited version with three voices in '' L'arte musicale in Italia'') * ''Non fuggir quando mi vedi'' (one voice, basso continuo; London, British Library) * ''Non si può dir di no'' (one voice, basso continuo; Paris, Geneviève Thibault, private collection in BnF) * ''Non si può più sperare'' (three voices; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Non si tema il mar infido'' (one voice, basso continuo; , 1v, bc, Oxford,

Christ Church Library Christ Church Library is a Georgian building that forms the south side of Peckwater Quadrangle in Christ Church, Oxford, England. To the east is Canterbury Quadrangle. The library houses the college's modern lending library and early printed b ...

) * ''Non ti fidar, mio core'' (two voices, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''Non voglio far altro che chiuder'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''Non voglio più lite'' (one voice, basso continuo; Oxford, Faculty of Music Library) * ''Occhi audaci, che fate'' (two voices, basso continuo; Modena, Biblioteca Estense e Universitaria) * ''Occhi miei, voi parlate'' (two voices, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''O da me adorata tant’anni'' (one voice, basso continuo; Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek) * ''Oppresso un cor da mille pene'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''O questa si ch'è bella'', text by S. Baldini (soprano, basso continuo; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France) * ''Par ch’il core melo dica'' (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca) * ''Per l’Egeo di spuma grave'' (three voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Poiche fissato il guardo'' (one voice, basso continuo; London, British Library) * ''Purche lo sappi tu'', text attributed to S. Baldini (two sopranos, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Quella luce che s’indori'' (two voices, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Qui dove il piè fermai, serenade'' (three voices, bv; Venice, Conservatorio di Musica Benedetto Marcello, Biblioteca) * ''Quietatevi, pensieri, io vo dormire'', text by Francesco Buti (one voice, basso continuo; Naples, Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella, Biblioteca), 1646 or earlier * ''Quietatevi, pensieri, non m’affligete più'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''Rido una volta in cento'' (one voice, basso continuo; Oxford, Christ Church Library) * ''Tu mancavi a tormentarmi'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense)Attributed to Cesti in

François-Auguste Gevaert François-Auguste Gevaert (31 July 1828 – 24 December 1908) was a Belgian musicologist and composer. Nicolas Slonimsky, ed., '' Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 8th ed., Schirmer Books, New York Life Gevaert was born in Huise ...

, ''Les glories de l’Italie'', Paris, 1868; and in

Alessandro Parisotti Alessandro Parisotti (24 July 1853 – 4 April 1913) was an Italian composer and music editor. Life and career Though also a composer, Alessandro Parisotti is better known today as the original editor of a collection of songs known as '' Arie ...

, ''Arie antiche'', Milan, 1885–1888. * ''Tutto cinto di ferro'', text by Melosi (one voice, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Una bella che bella non è'' (one voice, basso continuo; Cambridge, King's College, Rowe Music Library) * ''Un tiranno dolore non vuol partir'' (three voices, basso continuo; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France) * ''Un cor impiegato si sente morire'' (three voices; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) * ''Uscitemi dal seno, amorosi pensieri'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''Vanne pur lungi speranza'', text by Domenico Benigni (one voice, basso continuo; Modena, Biblioteca Estense e Universitaria) * ''Ve la potrei dipingere'' (one voice, basso continuo; Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense) * ''Voglio ridere pur di cuore'' (one voice, basso continuo; Stuttgart,

Württembergische Landesbibliothek The State Library of Württemberg ( or WLB) is a large library in Stuttgart, Germany, which traces its history back to the ducal public library of Württemberg founded in 1765. It holds about 4 million volumes and is the fourth-largest library ...

) * ''Voi del sole che piangete'' (one voice, basso continuo; Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale)

Aria

* ''Non si puo dir di no'' (soprano, basso continuo; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France)

Notes

Bibliography

* Affortunato,Tiziana (2008)
"Nuove fonti documentarie su Carlo Caproli del Violino (Roma, 1614-1668)"
''Fonti Musicali Italiane'', , . . * Bianconi, Lorenzo; Murata, Margaret (2001). "Castelli, Ottaviano" in Sadie 2001. * Bjurström, Per (1962). ''Giacomo Torelli and Baroque Stage Design'', 2nd revised edition, translated from the Swedish. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. . * Caluori, Eleanor (1992). "Caproli aprioli, Del Violino Carlo" in Sadie 1992. Also a
Oxford Music Online
(subscription required). * Caluori, Eleanor (2001). "Caproli aprioli, Del Violino Carlo" in Sadie 2001. Also a
Oxford Music Online
(subscription required). * Sadie, Julie Anne (1990). ''Companion to Baroque Music''. London: Macmillan. New York: Schirmer. . *

Sadie, Stanley Stanley John Sadie (; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the ''Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' (1980), which was published as the first edition ...

, editor (1992). ''

The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'' is an encyclopedia of opera. It is the largest work on opera in English, and in its printed form, amounts to 5,448 pages in four volumes. The dictionary was first published in 1992 by Macmillan Reference, L ...

'' (4 volumes). London: Macmillan. . * Sadie, Stanley, editor (2001). ''

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-language '' Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', it is one of the largest reference works on the history and t ...

'', 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. (hardcover). (eBook).

External links

*
Identificativo SBN
{{DEFAULTSORT:Caproli, Carlo Italian Baroque composers Italian opera composers Italian male opera composers 1610s births 1670s deaths 17th-century Italian composers 17th-century Italian male musicians