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Carl Johan Cronstedt (25 April 1709 – 9 November 1779) was a Swedish
Cronstedt was the son of Jakob Cronstedt (Olderman) and Margareta Beata Grundel. He was born in 1709 in Stockholm, Sweden. He married Countess Eva Margareta Lagerberg in 1744.
Cronstedt became a pupil of
In the mid-eighteenth century Cronstedt, working together with Fabian Wrede, increased the efficiency of the wood-burning stove roughly eightfold with a new technology and invention. Their 1767 redesign of the traditional wood-burning stove directed the smoke and heated gases through long flues that wound up and down inside the stove. The stove and its flues were built of special masonry bricks that captured, and then radiated, more heat from the burning process. The new technology changed the pattern designs of large interior building space for residences and other public buildings. It allowed more rooms to be heated with the same amount of firewood. It had significant social and economical consequences throughout Sweden and later throughout Europe and America up into the twentieth century. Cronstedt's invention had significant environmental significance as well because it saved forests from excess usage.
Cronstedt showed how in a ceramic wood-burning stove much more heat could be captured through a heavily tiled system of five long internal flues. The innovation of his masonry stove system captured the heat from only periodic burning of wood. It would then spread out that heat over a longer period for a fairly constant temperature. Because of this it only needed to be lit in the mornings and in the evenings. This type of residential (or interior space) heating system is referred to as a ''kakelugn'' (in English, a cocklestove) in Swedish. It is a type of "contra-flow stove" which the Chinese have made into a
Cronstedt wrote and had published several books. Among these were,
* 1767 - ''On a new installation of stoves for firewood saving.''
LDS church genealogy family history record
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cronstedt, Carl Joham 1709 births 1779 deaths Artists from Stockholm 18th-century Swedish inventors Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 18th-century Swedish scientists 18th-century Swedish architects Age of Liberty people
architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
, inventor
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process for increasing efficiency or lowering cost. It may also be an entirely new concept. If an id ...
, count
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New Yor ...
, noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Grea ...
, civil servant
The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil servants hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leaders ...
, scientist
A scientist is a person who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences.
In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophica ...
and bibliophile
Bibliophilia or bibliophilism is the love of books. A bibliophile or bookworm is an individual who loves and frequently reads and/or collects books.
Profile
The classic bibliophile is one who loves to read, admire and collect books, often ama ...
.Quinn, p. 52
Biography
Cronstedt was the son of Jakob Cronstedt (Olderman) and Margareta Beata Grundel. He was born in 1709 in Stockholm, Sweden. He married Countess Eva Margareta Lagerberg in 1744.
Cronstedt became a pupil of Christopher Polhem
Christopher Polhammar (18 December 1661 – 30 August 1751) better known as Christopher Polhem (), which he took after his ennoblement in 1716, was a Swedish scientist, inventor and industrialist. He made significant contributions to the economi ...
in 1729 and in 1733 was his apprentice. He studied civil engineering under Carl Hårleman
Baron Carl Hårleman (27 August 1700 – 9 February 1753) was a Swedish architect.
Biography
Hårleman was born in Stockholm, son of the garden architect and head of the royal parks and gardens Johan Hårleman, who had been ennobled in 1698. ...
and in 1743 became his successor as superintendent, a post he held to 1767. He carried out work at the following:
* Drottningholm Palace
The Drottningholm Palace ( sv, Drottningholms slott) is the private residence of the Swedish royal family. Drottningholm is near the capital Stockholm. Built on the island Lovön (in Ekerö Municipality of Stockholm County), it is one of S ...
in the 1740s following Hårleman's architectial drawings.
* Maria Magdalena Church restoration in Stockholm after the 1759 fire.
* Construction of the new Amiralitetskyrkan in Karlskrona in 1760.
* Involved in the construction of Drottningholmsteatern 1764 to 1765.
* various town plans and park designs, including the town plan for Kasko in 1765.
* drawings for Saint Olai Church in Liverpool, which opened in 1767.
Positions
* 1739 - Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which was founded the same year. * 1752 - Member ofSwedish House of Lords
The House of Nobility ( sv, Riddarhuset) in Stockholm, Sweden, is a corporation and a building that maintains records and acts as an interest group on behalf of the Swedish nobility.
Name
The name is literally translated as ''House of Knights'' ...
.
* 1767 - President in Kammarrevisionen.
* 1769 - President in Kammarkollegium.
Inventor
In the mid-eighteenth century Cronstedt, working together with Fabian Wrede, increased the efficiency of the wood-burning stove roughly eightfold with a new technology and invention. Their 1767 redesign of the traditional wood-burning stove directed the smoke and heated gases through long flues that wound up and down inside the stove. The stove and its flues were built of special masonry bricks that captured, and then radiated, more heat from the burning process. The new technology changed the pattern designs of large interior building space for residences and other public buildings. It allowed more rooms to be heated with the same amount of firewood. It had significant social and economical consequences throughout Sweden and later throughout Europe and America up into the twentieth century. Cronstedt's invention had significant environmental significance as well because it saved forests from excess usage.
Cronstedt showed how in a ceramic wood-burning stove much more heat could be captured through a heavily tiled system of five long internal flues. The innovation of his masonry stove system captured the heat from only periodic burning of wood. It would then spread out that heat over a longer period for a fairly constant temperature. Because of this it only needed to be lit in the mornings and in the evenings. This type of residential (or interior space) heating system is referred to as a ''kakelugn'' (in English, a cocklestove) in Swedish. It is a type of "contra-flow stove" which the Chinese have made into a Kang bed-stove
The ''kang'' (; Manchu: ''nahan'', kk, кән) is a traditional heated platform, 2 metres or more long, used for general living, working, entertaining and sleeping in the northern part of China, where the winter climate is cold. It is made of ...
.
Books written
Cronstedt wrote and had published several books. Among these were,
* 1767 - ''On a new installation of stoves for firewood saving.''
References
* ''Carl Johan Cronstedts fullerösamling'', Byggmästaren 1942, n. 9, p. 115-116 * ''Okänd fransk konstnär:Arkitekten Carl Johan Cronstedt'', Nationalmusei årsbok 1946, n.s. v. 16, p. 112 * ''Carl Johan och F.A.U.:Cronstedts samlingar på det gamla Fullerö'', Nationalmusei årsbok 1942/1943, n.s. v. 12, p. 9105 * ''Hofberg, Herman, Heurlin, Frithiof, Millqvist, Viktor, Rubenson, Olof, Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, 1906'' - a source now in public domain. * Rollenhagen Tilly, Linnéa, ''Carl Johan Cronstedt. Arkitekt och organisatör'', Balkong förlag 2017. * Rollenhagen Tilly, Linnéa, « Carl-Johan Cronstedt in Paris (1732-1735) : Education, Purchases and Contacts» in ''Art Bulletin of Nationalmuseum Stockholm'', vol. 15, 2008, p. 101-108. * Rollenhagen Tilly, Linnéa, "Ur Carl Johan Cronstedts bibliotek. Fyra kopior av Antoine Desgodets opublicerade lektioner" in ''Konsthistorisktidskrift/Journal of Art History'', vol. 80, 4/2011, p. 207-218. * Rollenhagen Tilly, Linnéa, « French Bridge Drawings in the Cronstedt Collection » in ''Art Bulletin of Nationalmuseum Stockholm'', vol. 19, 2012, p. 137-144. * Rollenhagen Tilly, Linnéa, « Knowledge of architecture and building technologies in 18th century Sweden », in R. Carvais, A. Guillerme, V. Nègre and J. Sakarovitch ''Nuts & Bolts of Construction history'', Picard, Paris 2012, vol. 1, p. 409-417 - 4th International congress on construction history Paris, July 3-7, 2012.Notes
Bibliography
*Quinn, Bradley et al., ''Scandinavian Style'', Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 2003, *External links
LDS church genealogy family history record
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cronstedt, Carl Joham 1709 births 1779 deaths Artists from Stockholm 18th-century Swedish inventors Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 18th-century Swedish scientists 18th-century Swedish architects Age of Liberty people