Carl Heitzmann (2 October 1836 – 6 December 1896) was a

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

born Austrian

pathologist Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in t ...

and

dermatologist Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin.''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.'' Random House, Inc. 2001. Page 537. . It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medica ...

Biography

Heitzmann was born on 2 October 1836 in

Vinkovci Vinkovci () is a city in Slavonia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. The city's registered population was 28,247 in the 2021 census, the total population of the city was 31,057, making it the largest town of the county. Surround ...

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

to a

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

family. His father, Martin Heitzmann, was a surgeon in the Austrian army. Heitzmann studied medicine in

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

and

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, earning his doctorate in 1859. After graduation, he furthered his studies in Vienna with Franz Schuh (1804–1864), Ferdinand Hebra (1816–1880), Salomon Stricker (1834–1898), and Carl Rokitansky (1804–1878). In Vienna, he performed lectures on morbid anatomy at the

university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which ...

. When he was unable to succeed Rokitansky as the chair of pathology at Vienna, he emigrated to New York (1874). Here, he established a laboratory for microscopical research, and became one of the founders of the American Dermatological Association (ADA). Heitzmann is credited for being the first physician to describe the precursor corpuscles of

red cells Red blood cells (RBCs), also referred to as red cells, red blood corpuscles (in humans or other animals not having nucleus in red blood cells), haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek ''erythros'' for "red" and ''kytos'' for "holl ...

, structures that he referred to as hematoblasts. In 1872 he documented his findings in a treatise titled ''Studien am Knochen und Knorpel'', in which he mentions that his discovery of the hematoblast was in the

bone marrow Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). It is composed of hematopoieti ...

of an injured dog's leg.

Works

Heitzmann was a skilled

illustrator An illustrator is an artist who specializes in enhancing writing or elucidating concepts by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text or idea. The illustration may be intended to clarify complicat ...

and

lithographer Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone ( lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German ...

, being renowned for his work with water colors. Among his artistic works are water color illustrations he created with

Anton Elfinger Anton Elfinger (15 January 1821 – 19 January 1864) was an Austrian physician and illustrator. Son of a pharmacist in Vienna, he trained at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, where he was a student of Leopold Kupelwieser (1796-1862). He later st ...

(1821–1864) in Hebra's 1876 ''Atlas der Hautkrankheiten'' (Atlas of Skin Diseases). Written works: * ''Compendium der chirurgischen Pathologie und Therapie'', (Compendium of

surgical pathology Surgical pathology is the most significant and time-consuming area of practice for most anatomical pathologists. Surgical pathology involves gross and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by surgeons and ...

and therapy; 2 vols., 1864 & 1868) * Descriptive and Topographical Anatomy of Man in 600 Illustrations, (2 volumes, third edition- 1886) * ''Kenntniss der Dünndarmzotten” and “Untersuchungen über das Protoplasma'' in "Transactions of the Imperial Academy of Sciences", (Vienna, 1867–73) * Microscopic Morphology of the Animal Body, (1873) * Microscopic Studies of Inflammations of the Skin, in "Archives of Dermatology" (Philadelphia, 1879)

Notes

References

* * * Google translation of German original *

Bibliography

* Attribution * {{DEFAULTSORT:Heitzmann, Carl 1836 births 1896 deaths People from the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia People from Vinkovci Croatian Jews Austro-Hungarian Jews Croatian Austro-Hungarians Austro-Hungarian people Austrian pathologists Austrian dermatologists Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States 19th-century Croatian people Austrian people of Croatian-Jewish descent