Carl Eduard Cramer (4 March 1831 in

Zürich , neighboring_municipalities = Adliswil, Dübendorf, Fällanden, Kilchberg, Maur, Oberengstringen, Opfikon, Regensdorf, Rümlang, Schlieren, Stallikon, Uitikon, Urdorf, Wallisellen, Zollikon , twintowns = Kunming, San Francisco Zürich () i ...

– 24 November 1901 in Zürich) was a

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri *Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internati ...

botanist. He studied at the universities of

and

Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population of about 230,000 (as o ...

, where he received his doctorate in 1855. As a young man his mentor was the famed botanist

Carl Nägeli Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli (26 or 27 March 1817 – 10 May 1891) was a Swiss botanist. He studied cell division and pollination but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics. He rejected natural selectio ...

(1817–1891). He became a lecturer (1857) and later a professor of botany (1861–1901) at the '' Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule'' (Federal Polytechnic School) in Zurich. He also taught classes at the

University of Zurich The University of Zürich (UZH, german: Universität Zürich) is a public research university located in the city of Zürich, Switzerland. It is the largest university in Switzerland, with its 28,000 enrolled students. It was founded in 1833 ...

(1880–1883) and was director of its

botanical garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...

from 1882 until 1893.Karl Eduard Cramer (1831 bis 1901)
ETH Bibliothek (biography)
In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, , S. 391 f. Cramer's specialty dealt with the

physiology Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemic ...

genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kins ...

and growth of

plant cell Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capabi ...

s. He did extensive research in the fields of

bacteriology Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classific ...

, plant

teratology Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology. The relate ...

and

cryptogamic A cryptogam (scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant (in the wide sense of the word) or a plant-like organism that reproduces by spores, without flowers or seeds. The name ''Cryptogamae'' () means "hidden reproduction", referring to the fact ...

botany. In his obituary,

Carl Joseph Schröter Carl Joseph Schröter (19 December 1855 – 7 February 1939) was a Swiss botanist born in Esslingen am Neckar, Germany. From 1874 he studied natural sciences at ''Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule'' (ETH Zurich), where one of his early influe ...

referred to Cramer as the ''Altmeister botanischer Forschung'' ("Doyen of Botanical Research"). He was the author of a number of botanical works, includin
''Pflanzenphysiologische Untersuchungen''
(4 volumes 1855–58), which he co-wrote with Karl von Nägeli.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cramer, Carl Eduard 1831 births 1901 deaths 19th-century Swiss botanists Scientists from Zürich University of Freiburg alumni Academic staff of ETH Zurich Academic staff of the University of Zurich