Carl Alexander von Martius (born January 19, 1838, in Munich; died February 26, 1920, in
Nonn by
Bad Reichenhall
Bad Reichenhall ( Central Bavarian: ''Reichahoi'') is a spa town, and administrative center of the Berchtesgadener Land district in Upper Bavaria, Germany. It is located near Salzburg in a basin encircled by the Chiemgau Alps (including Mount Sta ...
) was a German
chemist
A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe ...
and entrepreneur.
Life
His father was botanist and explorer
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer.
Life
Martius was born at Erlangen
Erlangen (; East Franconian: ''Erlang'', Bavarian: ''Erlanga'') is a Mid ...
(1794–1868) and his mother was author
Franziska von Stengel (1801–1843). In 1872, Martius married ''Margarete Veit'' (1853–1926). On February 16, 1903, Martius became by German king
Wilhelm II
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (german: Kaiser) and List of monarchs of Prussia, King of Prussia, reigning from 15 June 1888 until Abdication of Wilhelm II, his abdication on 9 ...
a nobleman.
Martius studied chemistry. At university he was member of student organisation ''
Corps Bremensia
Corps (; plural ''corps'' ; from French , from the Latin "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization. A military innovation by Napoleon I, the formation was first named as such in 1805. The size of a corps varies grea ...
''. He was a student of
Justus von Liebig
Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 20 April 1873) was a German scientist who made major contributions to agricultural and biology, biological chemistry, and is considered one of the principal founders of organic chemistry. As a profess ...
and university assistent
August Wilhelm von Hofmann
August Wilhelm von Hofmann (8 April 18185 May 1892) was a German chemist who made considerable contributions to organic chemistry. His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry, and his research on coal tar laid the ...
in Berlin.
In 1863, Martius invented in Berlin
azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C- ...
Bismarck brown Y, which he named after german chancellor
Otto von Bismarck
Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (, ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of ...
. It is used in
histology
Histology,
also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures vi ...
for
staining
Staining is a technique used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level. Stains and dyes are frequently used in histology (microscopic study of biological tissues), in cytology (microscopic study of cells), and in ...
tissues.
In 1867, Martius invented in Berlin ''
Dinitronaphthol'', which was later named after him as ''Martiusgelb''. In Berlin, together with German chemist
Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy
Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy (born Paul Felix Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy; 18 January 1841, Leipzig – 17 February 1880, Berlin) was a German chemist and a pioneer in the manufacture of aniline dye. He co-founded the Aktien-Gesellschaft für Ani ...
he founded in 1867 German company ''
Aktiengesellschaft für Anilinfabrikation'' (
Agfa).
Martius was founding member of German organisation ''Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft'' in Berlin and of German organisation ''Vereins zur Wahrung der Interessen der chemischen Industrie Deutschlands''. In 1891, Martius was foundig member of German organisation ''
'' in Berlin.
["C.A. von Martius", Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht (in German), 25 (Beiblatt zu Nr. 4), 1920] From 1916 to 1918 Martius was member of
Prussian House of Lords
The Prussian House of Lords (german: Preußisches Herrenhaus) in Berlin was the upper house of the Landtag of Prussia (german: Preußischer Landtag), the parliament of Prussia from 1850 to 1918. Together with the lower house, the House of Rep ...
.
Literature over Martius
*
* ''Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Adeligen Häuser'', Teil B 1941, page 356, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1941.
* Norbert Welsch und Claus Chr. Liebmann, ''Farben – Natur, Technik, Kunst'', Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg/Berlin 2003, page 204.
Acta Borussica Band 10 (1909–1918)(PDF-Datei; 2,74 MB)
*
See also
*
Hofmann–Martius rearrangement The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl-alkylated aniline. The reaction requires heat, and the catalyst is an acid like hyd ...
External links
*
Literatur list in Online-catalogeby
Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
This is a list of the state libraries (german: Landesbibliothek) for each of the Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany. These libraries hold the right for legal deposit for the publications in their respective state.
Landesbibliothek
S ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martius, Carl Alexander von
19th-century German businesspeople
20th-century German businesspeople
German chemical industry people
19th-century German chemists
German industrialists
German company founders
Members of the Prussian House of Lords
Scientists from Munich
Businesspeople from Munich
1838 births
1920 deaths
Agfa