The infraclassis Carinacea includes most living species of regular
sea urchin
Sea urchins or urchins () are echinoderms in the class (biology), class Echinoidea. About 950 species live on the seabed, inhabiting all oceans and depth zones from the intertidal zone to deep seas of . They typically have a globular body cove ...
, and fossil forms going back as far as the
Triassic
The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...
.
Taxonomy
List of orders according to
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ...
Phymosomatoida
The Phymosomatoida are an order (biology), order of sea urchins, found in Europe, North America, North Africa and the Middle East.
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of large fused plates on top of the feeding lantern. ...
Echinacea
''Echinacea'' is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. It has ten species, which are commonly called coneflowers. They are native only in eastern and central North America, where they grow in wet to dry prairies and open ...
Camarodonta
The Camarodonta are an Order (biology), order of globular sea urchins in the class (biology), class Echinoidea. The fossil record shows that camarodonts have been in existence since the Lower Cretaceous.Salenioida
The Salenioida are an order of sea urchins.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of a large plate on the upper surface, with the anus to one side. They have very large tubercles between t ...
** Order
Stomopneustoida
Stomopneustoida is an order of echinoderms belonging to the class Echinoidea.
Families:
* Glyptocidaridae
* Stomechinidae
* Stomopneustidae
References
Echinoidea
Echinoderm orders
{{echinoidea-stub ...
Phymosomatoida
The Phymosomatoida are an order (biology), order of sea urchins, found in Europe, North America, North Africa and the Middle East.
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of large fused plates on top of the feeding lantern. ...
Salenioida
The Salenioida are an order of sea urchins.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of a large plate on the upper surface, with the anus to one side. They have very large tubercles between t ...
Paracentrotus lividus
''Paracentrotus lividus'' is a species of sea urchin in the family Parechinidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin. It is the type species of the genus and occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Description
''Paracentr ...
'' (
Camarodonta
The Camarodonta are an Order (biology), order of globular sea urchins in the class (biology), class Echinoidea. The fossil record shows that camarodonts have been in existence since the Lower Cretaceous.Stomopneustes variolaris'' (
Stomopneustoida
Stomopneustoida is an order of echinoderms belonging to the class Echinoidea.
Families:
* Glyptocidaridae
* Stomechinidae
* Stomopneustidae
References
Echinoidea
Echinoderm orders
{{echinoidea-stub ...
* Andreas Kroh et Andrew B. Smith, « The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids », Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, vol. 8, no 2, 2010, p. 147-212
Echinoidea
{{Echinoidea-stub
Image:S. variolaris.jpg, '' <a class=){kind=link}