Carettochelyidae is a family of

cryptodira The Cryptodira (') are a suborder of Testudines that includes most living tortoises and turtles. Cryptodira is commonly called the "Hidden-Neck Turtles" or the "Inside-Neck Turtles". Cryptodira differ from Pleurodira (side-necked turtles) in ...

n turtles belonging to the

Trionychia Trionychia is a superfamily of turtles which encompasses the species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typic ...

. It contains only a single living species, the

pig-nosed turtle The pig-nosed turtle (''Carettochelys insculpta''), also known as the Fly River turtle, the pitted-shelled turtle, and the Warrajan is a species of turtle which is native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea. It is the only living mem ...

(''Carettochelys insculpta'') native to New Guinea and Northern Australia. Stem-group carettochelyids are known from the

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...

of Asia, with the family being widely distributed across North America, Europe, Asia and Africa during much of the

Cenozoic The Cenozoic Era ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterized by the dominance of mammals, insects, birds and angiosperms (flowering plants). It is the latest of three g ...

Taxonomy

After Joyce, 2014 unless otherwise noted. *

Stem group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. ...

taxa (also known as Pan-''Carettochelys'' Joyce, Parham and Gauthier 2004) * '' Kizylkumemys'' Nessov, 1976 ** ''Kizylkumemys khoratensis'' Tong et al., 2005

Khok Kruat Formation The Khok Kruat Formation () is a geological formation, rock formation found in northeastern Thailand. It is the uppermost formation of the Khorat Group. It is dated to the Aptian Geological stage, stage of the Early Cretaceous Geological period, ...

, Thailand, Early Cretaceous (

Aptian The Aptian is an age (geology), age in the geologic timescale or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), S ...

) ** ''Kizylkumemys schultzi'' Nessov, 1976

Khodzhakul Formation The Khodzhakul Formation is a Cenomanian aged geologic formation in Uzbekistan. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, et al., 2004, "Dinosaur distribution." pp.517-607 As well as those of ...

, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...

) * Indeterminate fragments of stem-Carretochelyids are also known from the Cenomanian aged

Bayan Shireh Formation The Bayanshiree Formation (also known as Baynshiree/Baynshire, Baynshirenskaya Svita, Baysheen Shireh, or Bayan Shireh) is a geological formation in Mongolia, that dates to the Cretaceous period. It was first described and established by Vasilie ...

, Mongolia, which were originally assigned to "''Anosteira''" ''shuwalovi'' Chkhikvadze in Shuvalov and Chkhikvadze, 1979, which Joyce 2014 regarded as a ''

nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium,'' it may be impossible to determine whether a ...

''. * Carettochelyidae Gill, 1889 ** '' Anosteira'' Leidy, 1871 *** ''Anosteira manchuriana'' Zangerl, 1947 Liaoning, China, late

Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...

*** ''Anosteira maomingensis'' Chow and Liu, 1955 Youkanwo Formation, Guangdong, China, Late Eocene *** ''Anosteira mongoliensis'' Gilmore, 1931 Inner Mongolia, China, Late Eocene-

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

*** ''Anosteira ornata'' Leidy, 1871

Bridger Formation The Bridger Formation is a Formation (geology), geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan North American land mammal age, stages of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period. The formati ...

, Wyoming, USA, Early Eocene *** ''Anosteira pulchra'' (Clark, 1932)

Uinta Formation The Uinta Formation is a geologic formation in northeastern Utah Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Ariz ...

, Utah, USA, Middle Eocene (

Lutetian The Lutetian is, in the geologic timescale, a stage (stratigraphy), stage or age (geology), age in the Eocene. It spans the time between . The Lutetian is preceded by the Ypresian and is followed by the Bartonian. Together with the Bartonian it ...

) ** ''Chorlakkichelys shahi'' De Broin, 1987 from the Early Eocene (Lutetian) aged

Kuldana Formation The Kuldana Formation is a fossil-bearing geological formation of Lutetian (Early Eocene) age which outcrop, crops out in northern Pakistan. The abundant fossil remains were deposited by rivers and estuaries crossing an arid to semi-arid enviro ...

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ...

, Pakistan was considered to be a '' nomem dubium'' and an indeterminate carettochelyid by Joyce, 2014, due to the fragmentary and heavily eroded nature of the specimens. ** Carettochelyinae Williams, 1950 *** '' Allaeochelys'' Noulet, 1867 **** ''Allaeochelys crassesculpta'' (Harrassowitz, 1922)

Messel Pit The Messel Formation is a Formation (geology), geologic formation in Hesse, central Germany, dating back to the Eocene Epoch (geology), epoch (about 47 Ma). Its geographic range is restricted to the Messel pit. There it unconformably overlie ...

, Germany, Early Eocene **** ''Allaeochelys delheidi'' (Dollo, 1886) Brussels Formation, Belgium, Zamora, Spain, Early Eocene Headon Hill Formation, England, Late Eocene (

Priabonian The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between . The Priabonian is preceded by the Bartonian and is followed by the Rupelian, the lowest stage ...

) **** ''Allaeochelys libyca'' Havlik et al, 2014,

Al Wahat District Al Wahat or The Oases ( ', ), occasionally spelt ''Al Wahad'' or ''Al Wahah'' () is one of the districts of Libya.''Statesman's Yearbook 2006'' Its capital and largest city is Ajdabiya. The district is home to much of Libya's petroleum extraction ...

, Libya, middle

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...

(

Langhian The Langhian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, an age or stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma and 13.65 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) during the Middle Miocene.GeoWhen (2007) The Langhian was ...

) **** ''Allaeochelys lingnanica'' (Young and Chow, 1962)

Shaoguan Shaoguan is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong Province ( Yuebei), South China, bordering Hunan to the northwest and Jiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixth Zen Buddhist patriarch Huineng. Its built-u ...

, Guangdong, China early

Paleogene The Paleogene Period ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Ma. It is the fir ...

(possibly

Paleocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ...

) **** ''Allaeochelys magnifica'' (=''Burmemys magnifica'' Hutchison et al., 2004) Pandaung Formation, Myanmar, Late Eocene (

Bartonian The Bartonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series. The Bartonian Age spans the time between . It is preceded by the Lutetian and is follow ...

) **** ''Allaeochelys parayrei'' Noulet, 1867 Tarn,

Toulouse Toulouse (, ; ; ) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department and of the Occitania (administrative region), Occitania region. The city is on the banks of the Garonne, River Garonne, from ...

, France, Late Eocene (Bartonian) ****''Allaeochelys liliae'' Carbot-Chanona et al. 2020 Mazantic Shale, Chiapas, Mexico, Early Miocene (

Aquitanian Aquitanian may refer to: *Aquitanian (stage), a geological age, the first stage of the Miocene Epoch *Aquitanian language, an ancient language spoken in the region later known as Gascony *Aquitani (or Aquitanians), were a people living in what is n ...

) *** ''

Carettochelys The pig-nosed turtle (''Carettochelys insculpta''), also known as the Fly River turtle, the pitted-shelled turtle, and the Warrajan is a species of turtle which is native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea. It is the only living mem ...

Ramsay Ramsay may refer to: People * Ramsay (surname), people named Ramsay * Clan Ramsay, a Scottish clan * Ramsay brothers, Indian film makers * Richard Sorge (1895–1944), Soviet spy codenamed "Ramsay" Places Australia * Ramsay, Queensland, a lo ...

, 1886 **** ''

Carettochelys insculpta The pig-nosed turtle (''Carettochelys insculpta''), also known as the Fly River turtle, the pitted-shelled turtle, and the Warrajan is a species of turtle which is native to northern Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of ...

'' Ramsay, 1886 Northern Australia, New Guinea, Recent **** ''Carettochelys niahensis'' White et al. 2023

Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...

, Neogene *** Indeterminate carettochelyids are also known from the uppermost Miocene to lowermost

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58Trionychia Turtle families