genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
snailfish
The snailfishes or sea snails (not to be confused with invertebrate sea snails), are a family of marine ray-finned fishes. These fishes make up the Liparidae, a family classified within the order Scorpaeniformes.
Widely distributed from the ...
es found in
benthic
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "the depths". ...
and
benthopelagic
The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of ...
habitats in the
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...
,
Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the cont ...
,
Arctic
The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...
and
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60th parallel south, 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is the seco ...
s. Whether they truly are absent from the Indian Ocean (except for a couple of species in
Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46th parallel south, 46° and 60th parallel south, 60° south of t ...
waters) is unknown and might be an artifact of limited sampling. They range from shallow coastal seas in the far north of their range to the
abyssal zone
The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. The word ''abyss'' comes from the Greek word (), meaning "bottomless". At depths of , this zone remains in perpetual darkness. It covers 83% of the total area ...
, at depths of . In the Northern Hemisphere they mostly live shallower than '' Paraliparis'', but this pattern is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. Although almost entirely restricted to very cold waters, a single species, ''C. hyaleius'', lives at
hydrothermal vent
Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hot ...
s.
Its generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek κάρα (''kara'', "face, head") and πρωκτός (''prōktos'', "
anus
In mammals, invertebrates and most fish, the anus (: anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is the external body orifice at the ''exit'' end of the digestive tract (bowel), i.e. the opposite end from the mouth. Its function is to facil ...
"), therefore literally meaning "butt-face".
''Careproctus'' have one pair of
nostril
A nostril (or naris , : nares ) is either of the two orifices of the nose. They enable the entry and exit of air and other gasses through the nasal cavities. In birds and mammals, they contain branched bones or cartilages called turbinates ...
s and a
ventral
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and other animals. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position prov ...
suction disc but lack a
pseudobranch The pseudobranch, also pseudobranchia, is the reduced first gill arch of a fish (on the inner surface of the opercle, near the junction of the preopercle) as well as a reduced "false" gill in some gastropods.
In teleost fish, the pseudobranchs are ...
. They are tadpole-like in shape and reach up to in
standard length
Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of fish anatomy, their anatomies, for data used in many areas of ichthyology, including Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and fishery biology.
Overall length
Standard length (SL) is ...
, but most species are far smaller. Like other snailfish, they lack scales and have a loose gelatinous skin; a few species are covered in prickly spines.
Most species of ''Careproctus'' are poorly known, but they feed on small animals and some have unusual breeding behaviors: At least ''C. ovigerus'' appears to be a
mouth brooder
Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. Although mouthbrooding is performed by a va ...
where the eggs are carried and develop in the males' mouth. ''C. fulvus'' has a
commensal
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit f ...
relationship with
glass sponge
Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed silica, siliceous spicule (sponge), spicules, often referred to as glass sponges. They are usually biological classification, classified along with other sponges i ...
s, laying their eggs in the paragastric cavity. Several other ''Careproctus'' species are
parasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The ent ...
Lithodes
''Lithodes'' is a genus of king crabs. Today there are about 30 recognized species, but others formerly included in this genus have been moved to ''Neolithodes'' and ''Paralomis''. They are found in oceans around the world, ranging from shallow t ...
'', ''
Neolithodes
''Neolithodes'' is a genus of king crabs in the subfamily Lithodinae. They are found in all major oceans, both in high and low latitudes. Although there are records from water as shallow as in cold regions, most records are much deeper, typical ...
Echidnocerus
''Echidnocerus'' is a genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV c ...
''), laying their egg mass in the
gill
A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...
chamber of the crab, forming a well-protected and well-aerated mobile "home" until they hatch. As far as known, these parasitic ''Careproctus'' are not host specific, but will use various king crab species, and on occasion an individual king crab may even carry the eggs of more than one ''Careproctus'' species at the same time. Additionally, small ''Careproctus''—no more than long—have been seen together with ''Lithodes'' and ''
Paralomis
''Paralomis'' is a widely distributed, highly speciose, and morphologically diverse genus of king crabs in the subfamily Lithodinae.
Description
Like all king crabs, ''Paralomis'' has evolved a crab-like appearance through a process called ...
'' king crabs, hitching rides by attaching themselves to the crab's legs or back. In contrast, a ''C. reinhardti'' (
species complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
) in an aquarium deposited its eggs on the glass, but whether this resembles its wild behavior is unknown.
Species
There are currently about 125 recognized species in this genus, but new species are regularly described and it is likely to actually contain more than 140. It formerly also included the species now separated in the genus '' Volodichthys''.
* '' Careproctus abbreviatus''
Burke
Burke (; ) is a Normans in Ireland, Norman-Irish surname, deriving from the ancient Anglo-Norman and Hiberno-Norman noble dynasty, the House of Burgh. In Ireland, the descendants of William de Burgh (''circa'' 1160–1206) had the surname'' de B ...
Careproctus aciculipunctatus
''Careproctus aciculipunctatus'', also called the speckled snailfish, is a species of fish in the family Liparidae (snailfish).
The specific name is from Latin ''acicula'' ("spinule") and ''punctatus'' ("dotted").
Description
''Careproctus aci ...
Stein
Stein may refer to:
Places Austria
* Stein, a neighbourhood of Krems an der Donau, Lower Austria
* Stein, Styria, a municipality in the district of Fürstenfeld, Styria
* Stein (Lassing), a village in the district of Liezen, Styria
* Stein a ...
Barnard Barnard is a surname of Old English origin, derived from the Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Saxon given name "Beornheard". It is composed of two elements: "Beorn," meaning "young warrior" or "bear," and "heard," meaning "hardy," "brave," or "strong." In some ...
Popov
Popov (; masculine), or Popova (; feminine), is a common Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbian surname. Derived from a Slavonic word ''pop'' (, "priest"). The fourth most common Russian surname, it may refer to:
* Alek Popov (born 1966) ...
Kido Kido or KIDO may refer to:
* Kido (surname)
* KIDO, an American radio station
* Kidō, a form of magic used by characters in the manga and anime ''Bleach''
* Conficker
Conficker, also known as Downup, Downadup and Kido, is a computer worm tar ...
Møller Møller () is a Danish surname, referring to an occupation as a Miller, equivalent of the Scottish/English ''Miller (name), Miller'', the German ''Müller'' etc.
Møller is the twentieth commonest surname in Denmark.Careproctus knipowitschi'' Chernova, 2005 (Knipowitsch's snailfish)
* '' Careproctus lacmi'' Andriashev & Stein, 1998
* '' Careproctus latiosus'' Andriashev & Chernova, 2011 (broad-mouth snailfish)
* '' Careproctus leptorhinus'' Andriashev & Stein, 1998
* '' Careproctus lerikimae'' J. W. Orr, Y. Kai & Nakabo, 2015 (dusty snailfish)
* '' Careproctus longifilis''
Garman Garman is a surname or first name. Notable people with the name include:
Sports
* Ann Garman, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
* Judi Garman (born 1954), American softball coach
* Mike Garman (born 1949), American baseball pla ...
Pequeño
''Pequeño'' is the second album of the solo artist Enrique Bunbury made in 1999. The word ''pequeño'' means "little" in Spanish.
Something different of anything done before by Bunbury, his dream to re-invent himself was accomplished.
Track l ...
Careproctus mederi
''Careproctus'' is a genus of snailfishes found in benthic and benthopelagic habitats in the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic Ocean, Arctic and Southern Oceans. Whether they truly are absent from the Indian Ocean (except for a couple of species in Suban ...
Careproctus merretti
Merret's snailfish (''Careproctus merretti''), also called the snakehead snailfish, is a species of fish in the family Liparidae.
Etymology
It is named for the British ichthyologist Nigel Merrett (born 1940).
Description
Merret's snailfish is ...