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''Carduus personata'' is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae.
''Carduus personata'' has a sturdy stem with short spines and it is approximately tall. The aerial part of the stem is erect and widely branched upwards. The shape is tubular, striated and ribbed with wings up to the inflorescence. In these plants the thorns are soft and present both on the stem and on the leaves.
Leaves are all cauline and are arranged alternately. They are soft, rather narrow and curly, feather-like, the lower ones broadly-shaped and narrowed in the petiole. Middle and upper leaves cover the stem and are lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, serrated on the edges. The upper side of the leaves is bare or slightly pubescent, where as the lower side is grayish-felted. Lower leaves reach a width of and a length of , where as the width of the median leaves is of , with a length of .
A few sessile flowers (from two to five) are gathered in an inflorescences very close together and even agglomerated, at the top of the stems. The flower heads show a short, leafy peduncle that supports a hemispheric to ovoidal structure, composed of several bracts. Flowers are violet-purple and in diameter. Both the chalice and the corolla are composed of five elements). Fruits are bright-brown achenes, with a glabrous surface, about 4 mm long.Info Flora
Tela Botanica
Judd S.W. et al, Botanica Sistematica - Un approccio filogenetico, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2007, . Sandro Pignatti, Flora d'Italia. Volume 3, Bologna, Edagricole, 1982, p. 146, .
Classification of Compositae-volution-and-Biogeography-of-Compositae.pdf Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae
Vienna, International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), 2009. *Joachim W. Kadereit, Charles Jeffrey, Flowering plants: Eudicots ; Asterales, New York, Springer, 2007, p. 129, . *Giacomo Nicolini, Enciclopedia Botanica Motta., Milano, Federico Motta Editore. Volume 1, 1960, p. 457. *Sandro Pignatti, Flora d'Italia. Volume 3, Bologna, Edagricole, 1982, p. 146, . *D.Aeschimann, K.Lauber, D.M.Moser, J-P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina. Volume 2, Bologna, Zanichelli, 2004, p. 574. *Alfio Musmarra, Dizionario di botanica, Bologna, Edagricole. *Strasburger E, Trattato di Botanica. Volume secondo, Roma, Antonio Delfino Editore, 2007, . *Judd S.W. et al, Botanica Sistematica - Un approccio filogenetico, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2007, .
Flore Alpes
Günther's Homepage
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3658522 persnata Flora of Europe Plants described in 1776
Etymology
The genus name ''Carduus'' is the classical Latin name for "thistle", also the species name (''personata'') derives from Latin ("personatus" = masked).Distribution and habitat
This species mainly occurs in the mountains of Central Europe, in the Alps, theApennines
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (; grc-gre, links=no, Ἀπέννινα ὄρη or Ἀπέννινον ὄρος; la, Appenninus or – a singular with plural meaning;''Apenninus'' (Greek or ) has the form of an adjective, which wou ...
, in the Carpathians, in the Sudetes
The Sudetes ( ; pl, Sudety; german: Sudeten; cs, Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie), commonly known as the Sudeten Mountains, is a geomorphological subprovince in Central Europe, shared by Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. They consis ...
and in the Balkans. These plants prefer various moist and fertile soils (meadows, wet woodlands of mountains, etc.) and environments with debris, in partial shade. They can also be found on the banks of the streams. In the Alps, they can be found at altitudes of .
Description
''Carduus personata'' has a sturdy stem with short spines and it is approximately tall. The aerial part of the stem is erect and widely branched upwards. The shape is tubular, striated and ribbed with wings up to the inflorescence. In these plants the thorns are soft and present both on the stem and on the leaves.
Leaves are all cauline and are arranged alternately. They are soft, rather narrow and curly, feather-like, the lower ones broadly-shaped and narrowed in the petiole. Middle and upper leaves cover the stem and are lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, serrated on the edges. The upper side of the leaves is bare or slightly pubescent, where as the lower side is grayish-felted. Lower leaves reach a width of and a length of , where as the width of the median leaves is of , with a length of .
A few sessile flowers (from two to five) are gathered in an inflorescences very close together and even agglomerated, at the top of the stems. The flower heads show a short, leafy peduncle that supports a hemispheric to ovoidal structure, composed of several bracts. Flowers are violet-purple and in diameter. Both the chalice and the corolla are composed of five elements). Fruits are bright-brown achenes, with a glabrous surface, about 4 mm long.Info FloraTela Botanica
Judd S.W. et al, Botanica Sistematica - Un approccio filogenetico, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2007, . Sandro Pignatti, Flora d'Italia. Volume 3, Bologna, Edagricole, 1982, p. 146, .
Biology
These biennial or perennial plants bloom from June to September. Flowers are hermaphroditic. Pollination occurs through insects ( entomophily). The seeds fallen to the ground are transported for some meters by the wind due to the pappus ( anemochory) are subsequently dispersed by insects, especially by ants (myrmecochory
Myrmecochory ( (sometimes myrmechory); from grc, μύρμηξ, mýrmēks ("ant") and ''khoreíā'' ("circular dance") is seed dispersal by ants, an ecologically significant ant–plant interaction with worldwide distribution. Most myrmeco ...
).
Bibliography
*Funk V.A., Susanna A., Stuessy T.F. and Robinson H.Classification of Compositae-volution-and-Biogeography-of-Compositae.pdf Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae
Vienna, International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), 2009. *Joachim W. Kadereit, Charles Jeffrey, Flowering plants: Eudicots ; Asterales, New York, Springer, 2007, p. 129, . *Giacomo Nicolini, Enciclopedia Botanica Motta., Milano, Federico Motta Editore. Volume 1, 1960, p. 457. *Sandro Pignatti, Flora d'Italia. Volume 3, Bologna, Edagricole, 1982, p. 146, . *D.Aeschimann, K.Lauber, D.M.Moser, J-P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina. Volume 2, Bologna, Zanichelli, 2004, p. 574. *Alfio Musmarra, Dizionario di botanica, Bologna, Edagricole. *Strasburger E, Trattato di Botanica. Volume secondo, Roma, Antonio Delfino Editore, 2007, . *Judd S.W. et al, Botanica Sistematica - Un approccio filogenetico, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2007, .
References
External links
Flore Alpes
Günther's Homepage
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3658522 persnata Flora of Europe Plants described in 1776