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''Cardiocondyla'' is an
''Cardiocondyla'' is an Old World
The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of ant
Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vespoidea, vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cre ...
s in the subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily ...
.
Distribution
Approximately 70 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old Worldtropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...
and subtropics
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones immediately to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately ...
, but a few of which occur in the temperate zone. Some species are also found widely separated in North America and the Pacific Islands, as a result of human introduction.
Description
Several species of this genus have a striking male polymorphism, with both winged and wingless forms. These males differ not only in morphology, but also in reproductive tactics. Closely related genera are '' Leptothorax'', '' Stereomyrmex'' and '' Romblonella''.Outbreeding
''Cardiocondyla elegans'' worker ants transport young queen ants to alien nests to promote outbreeding. This allows avoidance ofinbreeding depression
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness caused by loss of genetic diversity as a consequence of inbreeding, the breeding of individuals closely related genetically. This loss of genetic diversity results from small population siz ...
. The worker ants, sisters of these queens, may transport the queens several meters from their natal nest and drop them off at another, alien nest to promote outbreeding with wingless stationary males in a process somewhat analogous to third party matchmaking in humans. After mating during the winter, the sexual females may depart in the spring and find their own colonies.
Species
*'' Cardiocondyla atalanta'' Forel, 1915 *'' Cardiocondyla batesii'' Forel, 1894 *'' Cardiocondyla bicoronata'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla brachyceps'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla breviscapa'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla britteni'' Crawley, 1920 *'' Cardiocondyla bulgarica'' Forel, 1892 *'' Cardiocondyla carbonaria'' Forel, 1907 *'' Cardiocondyla cristata'' (Santschi, 1912) *''Cardiocondyla elegans
''Cardiocondyla elegans'' is an ant
Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vesp ...
'' Emery, 1869
*'' Cardiocondyla emeryi'' Forel, 1881
*'' Cardiocondyla fajumensis'' Forel, 1913
*'' Cardiocondyla gallagheri'' Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
*'' Cardiocondyla gallilaeica'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla gibbosa'' Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
*'' Cardiocondyla goa'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla humilis'' (Smith, 1858)
*'' Cardiocondyla insutura'' Zhou, 2001
*'' Cardiocondyla israelica'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla jacquemini'' Bernard, 1953
*'' Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi'' Terayama, 1999
*'' Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi'' Ruzsky, 1902
*'' Cardiocondyla kushanica'' Pisarski, 1967
*'' Cardiocondyla littoralis'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla longiceps'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla longinoda'' Rigato, 2002
*'' Cardiocondyla luciae'' Rigato, 2002
*'' Cardiocondyla mauritanica'' Forel, 1890
*'' Cardiocondyla melana'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla minutior'' Forel, 1899
*'' Cardiocondyla monardi'' Santschi, 1930
*'' Cardiocondyla nana'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla neferka'' Bolton, 1982
*'' Cardiocondyla nigra'' Forel, 1905
*'' Cardiocondyla nigrocerea'' Karavaiev, 1935
*'' Cardiocondyla nivalis'' Mann, 1919
*'' Cardiocondyla nuda'' (Mayr, 1866)
*'' Cardiocondyla obscurior'' Wheeler, 1929
*'' Cardiocondyla opaca'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla opistopsis'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla papuana'' (Reiskind, 1965)
*'' Cardiocondyla paradoxa'' Emery, 1897
*'' Cardiocondyla paranuda'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla parvinoda'' Forel, 1902
*'' Cardiocondyla persiana'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla pirata'' Seifert & Frohschammer, 2013
*'' Cardiocondyla rugulosa'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla sahlbergi'' Forel, 1913
*'' Cardiocondyla sekhemka'' Bolton, 1982
*'' Cardiocondyla semirubra'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla shagrinata'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla shuckardi'' Forel, 1891
*'' Cardiocondyla sima'' Wheeler, 1935
*'' Cardiocondyla stambuloffii'' Forel, 1892
*'' Cardiocondyla strigifrons'' Viehmeyer, 1922
*'' Cardiocondyla tenuifrons'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla thoracica'' (Smith, 1859)
*'' Cardiocondyla tibetana'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla tiwarii'' Ghosh, Sheela & Kundu, 2005
*'' Cardiocondyla tjibodana'' Karavaiev, 1935
*'' Cardiocondyla ulianini'' Emery, 1889
*'' Cardiocondyla unicalis'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla venustula'' Wheeler, 1908
*'' Cardiocondyla weserka'' Bolton, 1982
*'' Cardiocondyla wheeleri'' Viehmeyer, 1914
*'' Cardiocondyla wroughtonii'' (Forel, 1890)
*'' Cardiocondyla yemeni'' Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
*'' Cardiocondyla yoruba'' Rigato, 2002
*'' Cardiocondyla zoserka'' Bolton, 1982
References
* *External links
* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1941598 Myrmicinae Ant genera Taxa named by Carlo Emery Taxonomy articles created by Polbot