In chemistry, a carbazide is a
functional group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is any substituent or moiety (chemistry), moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions r ...
with the general formula . They can be derived from the
condensation
Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor ...
of
carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. However, in the absence of water, it is quite stable at room temperature. The interconversion ...
with a
hydrazine
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydraz ...
.
Carbohydrazide is the simplest carbazide, with another common carbazide being diphenylcarbazide, which is used as an analytical reagent.
forms an intense blue color with chromium in the hexavalent state. It has an
absorptivity coefficient of about 3400. That means very small amounts of chromium can be detected; 25 micrograms in 25 mL of solution are too dark to read on a spectral device, so concentrations well below that can be detected.
Thiocarbazide
The sulfur
analog is called a thiocarbazide, of which
thiocarbohydrazide is the simplest example.
Carbazone and thiocarbazone
A carbazone is a partially
oxidized
Redox ( , , reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is ...
carbazide with the general formula . The sulfur analog is called a thiocarbazone, of which
dithizone is an example.
See also
*
Semicarbazide
Semicarbazide is the chemical compound with the formula OC(NH2)(N2H3). It is a water-soluble white solid. It is a derivative of urea.
Synthesis
The compound prepared by treating urea with hydrazine:Jean-Pierre Schirmann, Paul Bourdauducq "Hydrazi ...
*
Semicarbazone
In organic chemistry, a semicarbazone is a derivative of imines formed by a condensation reaction between a ketone or aldehyde and semicarbazide. They are classified as imine derivatives because they are formed from the reaction of an aldehyde ...
References
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Hydrazides
Functional groups