Carballo is a municipality in the province of

A Coruña A Coruña (; ; also informally called just Coruña; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality in Galicia, Spain. It is Galicia's second largest city, behind Vigo. The city is the provincial capital of the province ...

, in the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

. The town is the thirteenth most populated

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the region and it belongs to the

comarca A ''comarca'' (, , , ) is a traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. The term is derived from the term ''marca'', meaning a "march, mark ...

of Bergantiños, serving as its capital. The seafood company Calvo is headquartered here.

Etymology

Carballo is a Galician word that refers to Oak trees, which are the main symbol of the municipality. However, the word ''Carballo'' has many historical variations in spelling, including but not limited to ''Carvallo'', ''Carbello'', ''Caballero'' or ''

Carvalho Carvalho (), meaning 'oak', is a Portuguese surname. Origin: Celtic toponymic, from ''(s)kerb(h)''/''karb'' (hard, twisted). The surname is most common in Portugal, Brazil, Galicia (although in Galicia it may be spelled ' Carvallo' or ' Car ...

'', likely due to the level of illiteracy during early times.

Surnames In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several giv ...

like Carballo transform in their pronunciation and spelling as they travel across villages, family branches, and countries over the years. In times when literacy was uncommon, names such as Carballo were written down based on their pronunciation, potentially leading to misspellings. Researching these misspellings and alternate spellings of the Carballo

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A person ...

are important in understanding its origins.

History

Carballo dates back to 759 AD; the name is actually a Galician word meaning

Oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

, referring to the settlement's surroundings of forest on mountainous terrain. The

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the ...

is a short distance to the west side of the town, to the north is the

Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...

or Viscaya and to the east is the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...

, with a 1,130 km drive to La Marina de Port,

Barcelona, Spain Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a pop ...

and 618 km drive east by south east to

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

and 846 km drive south to

Seville Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...

. It has a good geographical position that allows you to establish easy communication with the main cities of

Galicia, Spain Galicia ( ; or ; ) is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain and nationalities and regions of Spain, historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the northwest Iberian Peninsula, it includes the provinces o ...

and enjoy the landscape diversity that make up its rivers. This is evident from the Anllóns River and through the natural area of Razo-Baldaio. The

Municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

of Carballo was created in 1836. In 1920, the

Architect An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

Julio Galan father of ''Julio Galán Gómez'', built the Town Hall used until 1974. In the 1920s and 1930s Carballo was widely modernized, schools were built and spaces opened up. During the 1940s, the

Exploitation of natural resources The exploitation of natural resources describes using natural resources, often non-renewable or limited, for economic growth or development. Environmental degradation, human insecurity, and social conflict frequently accompany natural resource ex ...

Tungsten Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74. It is a metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in compounds with other elements. It was identified as a distinct element in 1781 and first ...

began a period of growth that reached its peak from 1960 to 1980, and during the last third of the twentieth century saw extensive urban expansion. Carballo was also known since Antiquity for the medicinal properties of its sulfurous waters known as Vellos or Baths, which are still sold commercially today, as evidenced by the remains found in a spa town in the eighteenth century. Their medicinal properties are indicated for nonspecific respiratory diseases as well as the hormonal disorders

Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as cold intolerance, poor ability to tolerate cold, fatigue, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, co ...

and

Hypogonadism Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the human gonad, gonads—the testicles or the ovary, ovaries—that may result in diminished biosynthesis, production of sex hormones. Low androgen (e.g., testosterone) levels are referred t ...

. Later, the Romans, during the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

(27BC to 476/1453AC), attracted by the fertility of the land, for the abundance of minerals and for its sulfurous waters, also left their mark. In this sense, the remains of the Villa Termal are the best preserved monument of this period throughout the town, along with the ''Lubiáns Bridge'', high above the river Rosende, between the towns of Carballo and Coristanco.

Culture

Historical and Artistic Heritage

Carballo has been inhabited since ancient times, which is evident from its historical and artistic heritage. Thus, the

Megalithic A megalith is a large Rock (geology), stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging ...

era left its mark on the famous dolmen the "Pedra Moura", while the ''Castreña culture'' still substantial forts are preserved and the example of these are, the Castro of Cances (also known as Bico de Castro), Castro Torre Pardiñas (castro of reduced dimensions with a predominantly defensive role), the forts of Guntian and Cotomil (which still retain some of its defense walls), and Castro de Vilela and Nion (noted for its complex structure). In Brañas do Carregal (parish Aldemunde) are the remains of the dolmen of Pedra Moura, belonging to the megalithic culture. There are also numerous Cultura Castreña or

Castro Culture Castro culture (, , , , meaning "culture of the hillforts") is the archaeological term for the material culture of the northwestern regions of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day northern and central Portugal together with the Spanish regions of ...

remains of those who, despite their irregular conservation, we can deduce the high occupation of the territory of this area during the Celtic culture and part of the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

. Studies indicate that the name of the region, ''Bergantiños'', could have originated from the Celtic tribe of the ''Brigantinos''. From Roman times there are very few

Archaeological Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, ...

remains. Highlights include the fort of ''Torre Pardiñas'' in Razo, where the

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

influence is felt in their defensive scheme, and especially the

Roman Bridge The ancient Romans were the first civilization to build large, permanent bridges. Early Roman bridges used techniques introduced by Etruscan immigrants, but the Romans improved those skills, developing and enhancing methods such as arches and k ...

of ''Lubiáns'', which was part of the Roman road per Loca Maritima. The remains are still supposed to date from the

or the 18th century.

Religious Architecture

With regard to

Sacred architecture Sacral architecture (also known as sacred architecture or religious architecture) is a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space, such as churches, mosques, ...

, the most important building is the Church of Rus, which was built between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, belongs to the

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

style, but has in its facade with characteristic features of

Neoclassicism Neoclassicism, also spelled Neo-classicism, emerged as a Western cultural movement in the decorative arts, decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiq ...

. Inside, projecting the image of the Asunción, attributed to Rodeiro, and the imposing parish silver cross a meter high. Interesting are also the churches of Entrecruces, eighteenth century Baroque, and Sofán, eighteenth and nineteenth facade, where a Christ by Ferreiro is preserved. The church of Oza, meanwhile, presents a St. Breixo facade carved in stone, while inside the temple this same crown Baroque altarpiece figure the best preserved in the whole environment. Since the twentieth century churches dating with Baroque altarpieces or Razo, which preserves images of St.

John the Baptist John the Baptist ( – ) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early first century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist ...

and St.

Martin of Braga Saint Martin of Braga (in Latin ''Martinus Bracarensis'', in Portuguese, known as ''Martinho de Dume'' 520–580 AD), also known as Saint Martin of Dumio, was an archbishop of Bracara Augusta in Gallaecia (now Braga in Portugal), a missiona ...

made by the school in

Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, simply Santiago, or Compostela, in the province of Province of A Coruña, A Coruña, is the capital of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia, in northwestern Spain. The city ...

. From the same period is the church of Bertoia, which can be seen a Gothic Christ and a processional cross from the eighteenth century. On the other hand, the municipality of Carballo today presents numerous remains of popular architecture like the "stone crosses" of Sofán, Ardana, Carballo or the Rus; or "breastplates of souls" (brush) that can be visited in A Brea, Cances on-site or in the parish of Oza. Interesting too are also the

Granaries A granary, also known as a grain house and historically as a granarium in Latin, is a post-harvest storage building primarily for grains or seeds. Granaries are typically built above the ground to prevent spoilage and protect the stored grains o ...

(Brea, Serantes do Medio or Rodo) and Mills (protrude A Cheda, Fifth and Ponte Rosende). A

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christianity, Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest#Christianity, priest, often termed a parish pries ...

with strong personality is to Rebordelos, belonging to the jurisdiction of Caión throughout the Middle Ages and of modern and independent constitutive council until 1836. There is a mámoa on the road leading to the beach of Pedra do Sal, a

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foot ...

castro Costenla in place, several mansions in Vilar de Peres and the chapel of San Juan with its cruise in Leira. In iglesario of Rebordelos it is known about the presence of the ''Count of Grajal'' and the Convent of San Agustin and the family of ''Rodriguez-Arijón''. The church of San Salvador is located in the town center, with a street that surrounds it. The cruise about 150 meters. Rebordelos parish is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean: Baldaio marshes, Pedra do Sal, beaches A Lapeira, Arnela and Leira, Puerto Loureiro and Pedra Furada, witnessed countless shipwrecks. Several palaces that are still preserved in the village of Carballo are example of these are the ''Palace of Pallas'', the ''Gontade Palace'', and the Palace of ''Vilardefrancos'', Pazo do Souto. While the civil architecture, highlights the nineteenth century building that housed the jail and is now converted into the

Museum A museum is an institution dedicated to displaying or Preservation (library and archive), preserving culturally or scientifically significant objects. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects on public display, and some have private colle ...

of Bergantinos

Population

The municipality has 31,466 registered inhabitants. It has a density of 167.39 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.9) ImageSize = width:580 height:300 PlotArea = left: 60 bottom: 30 top: 20 right: 20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:35000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = late ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:5000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:2500 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar: 1877 text: 1877 bar: 1887 text: 1887 bar: 1900 text: 1900 bar: 1910 text: 1910 bar: 1920 text: 1920 bar: 1930 text: 1930 bar: 1940 text: 1940 bar: 1950 text: 1950 bar: 1960 text: 1960 bar: 1970 text: 1970 bar: 1980 text: 1980 bar: 1990 text: 1990 bar: 2000 text: 2000 bar: 2010 text: 2010 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:center bar: 1877 from:11885 till: 0 bar: 1887 from:11444 till: 0 bar: 1900 from:13554 till: 0 bar: 1910 from:14766 till: 0 bar: 1920 from:15334 till: 0 bar: 1930 from:16565 till: 0 bar: 1940 from:19001 till: 0 bar: 1950 from:21313 till: 0 bar: 1960 from:22814 till: 0 bar: 1970 from:25166 till: 0 bar: 1980 from:25713 till: 0 bar: 1990 from:26033 till: 0 bar: 2000 from:28142 till: 0 bar: 2010 from:31292 till: 0 PlotData= bar: 1877 at: 11885 fontsize:S text: 11.885 shift:(0,5) bar: 1887 at: 11444 fontsize:S text: 11.444 shift:(0,5) bar: 1900 at: 13554 fontsize:S text: 13.554 shift:(0,5) bar: 1910 at: 14766 fontsize:S text: 14.766 shift:(0,5) bar: 1920 at: 15334 fontsize:S text: 15.334 shift:(0,5) bar: 1930 at: 16565 fontsize:S text: 16.565 shift:(0,5) bar: 1940 at: 19001 fontsize:S text: 19.001 shift:(0,5) bar: 1950 at: 21313 fontsize:S text: 21.313 shift:(0,5) bar: 1960 at: 22814 fontsize:S text: 22.814 shift:(0,5) bar: 1970 at: 25166 fontsize:S text: 25.166 shift:(0,5) bar: 1980 at: 25713 fontsize:S text: 25.713 shift:(0,5) bar: 1990 at: 26033 fontsize:S text: 26.033 shift:(0,5) bar: 2000 at: 28142 fontsize:S text: 28.142 shift:(0,5) bar: 2010 at: 31292 fontsize:S text: 31.292 shift:(0,5) Fro
INE Archiv
/small>

Notable people

* Alfredo Brañas Menéndez (born in 1859) - Galician writer and Galician regionalist. * Fernando Cabeza Quiles (born in

Ponferrada Ponferrada () is a city of Spain, located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Ponferrada, the second most populated municipality of the Province of León, is also the capital city of El Bierzo, the only Comarcas of Spain, ''comarca'' ...

in 1953) - Polygrapher noted for his work on the

toponymy Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' ( proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper na ...

of Galicia, and in Radio and Press. * Xurxo Borrazás (born in 1963) - Galician writer and translator. * Rober Bodegas (born in 1982) - Comedian known for participating in La 1. * Arturo Castañeda Cid (born in

Ourense Ourense (; ) is a city and the capital of the province of province of Ourense, Ourense, located in the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is on the Camino Sanabrés path o ...

in 1973) -

Bodybuilder Bodybuilding is the practice of progressive resistance exercise to build, control, and develop one's muscles via hypertrophy. An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. It is primarily undertaken for aesthetic ...

and PE teacher; won multiple Galician and

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

bodybuilding awards.

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Carballo is twinned with: * L'Isle-Jourdain, France

Gallery

File:Puente Lubians.jpg, Roman bridge of Lubians File:Armados-Razo 1.jpg, Razo beach File:Rio Anllons.Carballo.Galiza.1.jpg, Anllóns River File:Carballo Galicia 006.jpg, The Place of Culture (''Pazo da Cultura'')

References

External links

Concello de Carballo
{{authority control Municipalities in the Province of A Coruña