''Capoeta'', also known as scrapers, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest v ...

found in

Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes A ...

. The

distribution Distribution may refer to: Mathematics *Distribution (mathematics), generalized functions used to formulate solutions of partial differential equations *Probability distribution, the probability of a particular value or value range of a varia ...

extends from

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

to the

Levant The Levant () is an approximation, approximate historical geography, historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology an ...

, to

Transcaucasia The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the s ...

, in Armenia,particularly in lake Sevan and northern

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bord ...

. This genus is most closely related to ''

Luciobarbus ''Luciobarbus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae. Its members are found in fresh and brackish waters of southern Europe, northern Africa, the wider Near East, the Aral and Caspian Seas, and rivers associated with these. Se ...

'' and in itself is divided into three morphologically,

biogeographically Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, ...

and

genetically Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working i ...

distinct groups or clades: the Mesopotamian clade, the Anatolian-Iranian clade and the Aralo-Caspian clade.Ghanavi, H.R., Gonzalez, E.G. & Doadrio, I. (2016)
Phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fishes of the genus ''Capoeta'' (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in Iran.
''Ecology and Evolution, 6 (22): 8205–8222.''Zareian, H., Esmaeili, H.R., Heidari, A., Khoshkholgh, M.R. & Mousavi-Sabet, H. (2016)
Contribution to the molecular systematics of the genus ''Capoeta'' from the south Caspian Sea basin using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''Molecular Biology Research Communications, 5 (2): 65-75.''

Species

There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus: * '' Capoeta aculeata'' (

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a ...

, 1844) * '' Capoeta alborzensis'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2016Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2016)
Taxonomic review of the genus ''Capoeta'' Valenciennes, 1842 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from central Iran with the description of a new species.
''FishTaxa, 1 (3): 166-175.'' * '' Capoeta anamisensis'' Zareian, Esmaeili & Freyhof, 2016Zareian, H., Esmaeili, H.R. & Freyhof, J. (2016): ''Capoeta anamisensis'', a new species from the Minab and Hasan Langhi River drainages in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Zootaxa, 4083 (1): 126-142.'' * '' Capoeta angorae'' ( Hankó ( hu), 1925) (Ankara barb) * ''

Capoeta antalyensis ''Capoeta antalyensis'', also known as the Antalya barb or Pamphylian scraper, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Turkey in the Aksu and Köprüçay River drainages, which flow south into the Gulf of A ...

'' ( Battalgil, 1944) (Pamphylian scraper, Antalya barb) * ''

Capoeta baliki ''Capoeta baliki'', also known as the fourbarbel scraper or Sakarya barb, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Turkey. It inhabits slowly flowing rivers, lakes and reservoirs. It is known from central Anatolia from two river systems drain ...

Turan Turan ( ae, Tūiriiānəm, pal, Tūrān; fa, توران, Turân, , "The Land of Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandCo ...

, Ekmekçi &

İmamoğlu İmamoğlu is a city and district in Adana Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, a small agricultural community on a small plain in the hills between the cities of Adana Adana (; ; ) is a major city in southern Turkey. It is situa ...

, 2006 (fourbarbel scraper, Sakarya barb) * ''

Capoeta banarescui ''Capoeta banarescui''. the Colchic scraper or Banarescu's barb, is a species of cyprinid fish known from Turkey. It inhabits swiftly flowing water with cobbles and pebbles bottom. It is only known from northeast Turkey from the Çoruh River ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandCo ...

, Ekmekçi &

, 2006 (Colchic scraper, Banarescu's barb) * ''

Capoeta barroisi ''Capoeta barroisi'', also known as the Orontes scraper or Tigris barb, is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish from the Near East. This species is up to 20 cm long an has sides with brownish spots irregularly arranged in the upper half of ...

'' Lortet, 1894 (Orontes scraper, Tigris barb) * ''

Capoeta bergamae ''Capoeta bergamae'' is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish native to Turkey. The species is also known as the Aegean scraper. It is widespread in western Anatolia and lives in rivers ranging from the Bakacak river on the Biga Peninsula s ...

'' M. S. Karaman ( sr), 1969 (Aegean scraper) * '' Capoeta buhsei''

Kessler Kessler or Keßler (in German) may refer to: * Kessler (automobile), an American automobile made 1921–1922 * Kessler (name), people named Kessler * ''Kessler'' (TV series), a British television series from 1981 * Kessler, Ohio, an unincorporated ...

, 1877 (Namak scraper) * ''

Capoeta caelestis ''Capoeta caelestis'', the Taurus scraper, is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish endemic to southern Anatolia, Turkey. It is less than 20 cm long. It is not widespread but inhabits many kinds of streams and habitats and is often quite ab ...

'' Schöter, Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2009 (Taurus scraper) * '' Capoeta capoetoides'' Pellegrin, 1938 * ''

Capoeta capoeta ''Capoeta capoeta'' is a species of West Asian cyprinid fish, including forms called the Caucasian scraper. The scientific name is derived from the Georgian and Azeri Azerbaijanis (; az, Azərbaycanlılar, ), Azeris ( az, Azərilər, ), ...

'' ( Güldenstädt, 1773) (Caucasian scraper) * '' Capoeta coadi'' Alwan, Zareian & Esmaeili, 2016Alwan, N.H., Zareian, H. & Esmaeili, H.R. (2016)
''Capoeta coadi'', a new species of cyprinid fish from the Karun River drainage, Iran based on morphological and molecular evidences (Teleostei, Cyprinidae).
''ZooKeys, 572: 155–180.'' * ''

Capoeta damascina ''Capoeta damascina'', the Levantine scraper or Mesopotamian barb, is a species of cyprinid fish from the Near East region. It is reported from Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iran and Turkey.Freyhof, J. 2014Capoeta damascina.The IUCN Red L ...

'' (

, 1842) (Levantine scraper, Mesopotamian barb) * ''

Capoeta ekmekciae ''Capoeta ekmekciae'', the Grusinian scraper is a kind of freshwater cyprinid fish from Turkey. It is known exclusively from the Çoruh River The Chorokh ( ka, ჭოროხი ''Ch'orokhi'', tr, Çoruh, hy, Չորոխ ''Ch’vorokh'', el ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandCo ...

, Kırankaya & Engin, 2006 (Grusinian scraper) * '' Capoeta erhani''

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandCo ...

& Ekmekçi, 2008 (Ceyhan scraper) * '' Capoeta ferdowsii'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Murillo-Ramos, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Murillo-Ramos, L., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2017)
Three new species of algae-scraping cyprinid from Tigris River drainage in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''FishTaxa, 2 (3): 134-155.'' * ''

Capoeta fusca ''Capoeta fusca'' is a species of ray-finned fish endemic to Iran. It was first described by Alexander Nikolsky Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky (Russian: Александр Михайлович Никольский; February 18, 1858 – De ...

'' A. M. Nikolskii, 1897 * '' Capoeta gracilis'' (

Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk: * Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist * Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist * Hermann ...

, 1861) *'' Capoeta kaput'' Levin, Prokofiev & Roubenyan 2019 * '' Capoeta kosswigi'' M. S. Karaman ( sr), 1969 (Van scraper, Van barb) * '' Capoeta mandica''

Bianco Bianco is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Reggio Calabria, in southern Italy. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman house. See also *Calabria ...

& Bănărescu, 1982 * ''

Capoeta mauricii ''Capoeta pestai'', called the Eğirdir longsnout scraper or the Eğirdir barb, is a critically endangered freshwater fish species in the family Cyprinidae, found only in Turkey. It used to be common across Lake Eğirdir in central Anatolia, but ...

'' Küçük,

Şahin Şahin ( Iranian: , Shāhīn) is a Turkish and Tatar name of Iranian origin that means falcon. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Ali Şahin (wrestler) (born 1944), Turkish wrestler * Arif Sahin (born 1985), Turkish footballer * As ...

& Gülle, 2009 (longsnout scraper) * '' Capoeta pestai'' ( Pietschmann, 1933) (Eğirdir longsnout scraper, Eğirdir barb) * ''

Capoeta pyragyi ''Capoeta pyragyi'' is a species of cyprinid in the genus ''Capoeta''. It lives in the Tireh and Sezar rivers of Iran, and it is named after Turkmen poet and spiritual leader Magtymguly Pyragy Magtymguly Pyragy ( fa, ''Makhdumqoli Farāgh ...

'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Murillo-Ramos, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017 * ''

Capoeta razii ''Capoeta'', also known as scrapers, is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Western Asia. The distribution extends from Turkey to the Levant, to Transcaucasia, Iraq, Turkmenistan , in Armenia,particularly in lake Sevan and northern ...

'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2017):
A new species of the genus Capoeta Valenciennes, 1842 from the Caspian Sea basin in Iran (Teleostei, Cyprinidae).
''ZooKeys, 682: 137-155.'' * ''

Capoeta saadii ''Capoeta saadii'' is a cyprinid fish endemic to Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and ...

'' ( Heckel, 1847) * '' Capoeta sevangi'' De Filippi, 1865 * '' Capoeta shajariani'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Murillo-Ramos, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Murillo-Ramos, L., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2017)
Three new species of algae-scraping cyprinid from Tigris River drainage in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''FishTaxa, 2 (3): 134-155.'' * '' Capoeta sieboldii'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1864) (nipple-lip scraper) * ''

Capoeta tinca ''Capoeta tinca'', or the Anatolian khramulya or western fourbarbel scraper, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Turkey, inhabiting swiftly flowing rivers. It is known from rivers draining north to the Sea of Marmara. Earlier ''Capoeta ...

'' ( Heckel, 1843) (western fourbarbel scraper, Anatolian khramulya) * '' Capoeta trutta'' ( Heckel, 1843) (longspine scraper) * ''

Capoeta turani ''Paracapoeta erhani'', also known as the Ceyhan scraper or Seyhan scraper, is a Turkish species of freshwater cyprinid fish in the genus '' Paracapoeta''. It lives in the drainage basins of the Ceyhan and Seyhan Rivers, in many kinds of streams ...

'' Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2008 (Seyhan scraper) * '' Capoeta umbla'' ( Heckel, 1843)Esmaeili, H.R., Zareian, H., Eagderi, S. & Alwan, N. (2016)
Review on the taxonomy of Tigris scraper, ''Capoeta umbla'' (Heckel, 1843) and its confirmation record from the Iranian part of Tigris River, Persian Gulf basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''FishTaxa, 1 (1): 35-44.'' (Tigris scraper)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q139923 Freshwater fish genera Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes Taxonomy articles created by Polbot