''Capoeta'', also known as scrapers, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest v ...

found in

Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes A ...

. The

distribution Distribution may refer to: Mathematics *Distribution (mathematics), generalized functions used to formulate solutions of partial differential equations *Probability distribution, the probability of a particular value or value range of a varia ...

extends from

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

to the

Levant The Levant () is an approximation, approximate historical geography, historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology an ...

, to

Transcaucasia The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the s ...

, in Armenia,particularly in lake Sevan and northern

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bord ...

. This genus is most closely related to '' Luciobarbus'' and in itself is divided into three morphologically, biogeographically and genetically distinct groups or clades: the Mesopotamian clade, the Anatolian-Iranian clade and the Aralo-Caspian clade.Ghanavi, H.R., Gonzalez, E.G. & Doadrio, I. (2016)
Phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fishes of the genus ''Capoeta'' (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in Iran.
''Ecology and Evolution, 6 (22): 8205–8222.''Zareian, H., Esmaeili, H.R., Heidari, A., Khoshkholgh, M.R. & Mousavi-Sabet, H. (2016)
Contribution to the molecular systematics of the genus ''Capoeta'' from the south Caspian Sea basin using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''Molecular Biology Research Communications, 5 (2): 65-75.''

Species

There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus: * '' Capoeta aculeata'' (

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a ...

, 1844) * '' Capoeta alborzensis'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2016Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2016)
Taxonomic review of the genus ''Capoeta'' Valenciennes, 1842 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from central Iran with the description of a new species.
''FishTaxa, 1 (3): 166-175.'' * '' Capoeta anamisensis'' Zareian, Esmaeili & Freyhof, 2016Zareian, H., Esmaeili, H.R. & Freyhof, J. (2016): ''Capoeta anamisensis'', a new species from the Minab and Hasan Langhi River drainages in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Zootaxa, 4083 (1): 126-142.'' * '' Capoeta angorae'' ( Hankó ( hu), 1925) (Ankara barb) * '' Capoeta antalyensis'' ( Battalgil, 1944) (Pamphylian scraper, Antalya barb) * ''

Capoeta baliki ''Capoeta baliki'', also known as the fourbarbel scraper or Sakarya barb, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Turkey. It inhabits slowly flowing rivers, lakes and reservoirs. It is known from central Anatolia from two river systems drain ...

Turan Turan ( ae, Tūiriiānəm, pal, Tūrān; fa, توران, Turân, , "The Land of Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical ...

, Kottelat, Ekmekçi & İmamoğlu, 2006 (fourbarbel scraper, Sakarya barb) * ''

Capoeta banarescui ''Capoeta banarescui''. the Colchic scraper or Banarescu's barb, is a species of cyprinid fish known from Turkey. It inhabits swiftly flowing water with cobbles and pebbles bottom. It is only known from northeast Turkey from the Çoruh River ...

, Kottelat, Ekmekçi & İmamoğlu, 2006 (Colchic scraper, Banarescu's barb) * '' Capoeta barroisi'' Lortet, 1894 (Orontes scraper, Tigris barb) * '' Capoeta bergamae'' M. S. Karaman ( sr), 1969 (Aegean scraper) * '' Capoeta buhsei'' Kessler, 1877 (Namak scraper) * '' Capoeta caelestis'' Schöter, Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2009 (Taurus scraper) * '' Capoeta capoetoides'' Pellegrin, 1938 * '' Capoeta capoeta'' ( Güldenstädt, 1773) (Caucasian scraper) * '' Capoeta coadi'' Alwan, Zareian & Esmaeili, 2016Alwan, N.H., Zareian, H. & Esmaeili, H.R. (2016)
''Capoeta coadi'', a new species of cyprinid fish from the Karun River drainage, Iran based on morphological and molecular evidences (Teleostei, Cyprinidae).
''ZooKeys, 572: 155–180.'' * ''

Capoeta damascina ''Capoeta damascina'', the Levantine scraper or Mesopotamian barb, is a species of cyprinid fish from the Near East region. It is reported from Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iran and Turkey.Freyhof, J. 2014Capoeta damascina.The IUCN Red L ...

'' (

, 1842) (Levantine scraper, Mesopotamian barb) * '' Capoeta ekmekciae''

, Kottelat, Kırankaya & Engin, 2006 (Grusinian scraper) * '' Capoeta erhani''

, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2008 (Ceyhan scraper) * '' Capoeta ferdowsii'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Murillo-Ramos, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Murillo-Ramos, L., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2017)
Three new species of algae-scraping cyprinid from Tigris River drainage in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''FishTaxa, 2 (3): 134-155.'' * '' Capoeta fusca'' A. M. Nikolskii, 1897 * '' Capoeta gracilis'' (

Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk: * Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist * Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist * Hermann ...

, 1861) *'' Capoeta kaput'' Levin, Prokofiev & Roubenyan 2019 * '' Capoeta kosswigi'' M. S. Karaman ( sr), 1969 (Van scraper, Van barb) * '' Capoeta mandica''

Bianco Bianco is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Reggio Calabria, in southern Italy. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman house. See also *Calabria ...

& Bănărescu, 1982 * '' Capoeta mauricii'' Küçük,

Şahin Şahin ( Iranian: , Shāhīn) is a Turkish and Tatar name of Iranian origin that means falcon. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Ali Şahin (wrestler) (born 1944), Turkish wrestler * Arif Sahin (born 1985), Turkish footballer * As ...

& Gülle, 2009 (longsnout scraper) * '' Capoeta pestai'' ( Pietschmann, 1933) (Eğirdir longsnout scraper, Eğirdir barb) * '' Capoeta pyragyi'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Murillo-Ramos, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017 * '' Capoeta razii'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2017):
A new species of the genus Capoeta Valenciennes, 1842 from the Caspian Sea basin in Iran (Teleostei, Cyprinidae).
''ZooKeys, 682: 137-155.'' * '' Capoeta saadii'' ( Heckel, 1847) * '' Capoeta sevangi'' De Filippi, 1865 * '' Capoeta shajariani'' Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Murillo-Ramos, Ghanavi & Doadrio, 2017Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Murillo-Ramos, L., Ghanavi, H.R. & Doadrio, I. (2017)
Three new species of algae-scraping cyprinid from Tigris River drainage in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''FishTaxa, 2 (3): 134-155.'' * '' Capoeta sieboldii'' ( Steindachner, 1864) (nipple-lip scraper) * ''

Capoeta tinca ''Capoeta tinca'', or the Anatolian khramulya or western fourbarbel scraper, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Turkey, inhabiting swiftly flowing rivers. It is known from rivers draining north to the Sea of Marmara. Earlier ''Capoeta ...

'' ( Heckel, 1843) (western fourbarbel scraper, Anatolian khramulya) * '' Capoeta trutta'' ( Heckel, 1843) (longspine scraper) * '' Capoeta turani'' Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2008 (Seyhan scraper) * '' Capoeta umbla'' ( Heckel, 1843)Esmaeili, H.R., Zareian, H., Eagderi, S. & Alwan, N. (2016)
Review on the taxonomy of Tigris scraper, ''Capoeta umbla'' (Heckel, 1843) and its confirmation record from the Iranian part of Tigris River, Persian Gulf basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).
''FishTaxa, 1 (1): 35-44.'' (Tigris scraper)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q139923 Freshwater fish genera Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes Taxonomy articles created by Polbot