''Capillariidae'' is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of parasitic

nematode The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...

s. All its members are parasites in vertebrates when they are in their adult stage.

Taxonomy

The family Capillariidae was created by Railliet in 1915. It is accepted in the most recent

classifications Classification is the activity of assigning objects to some pre-existing classes or categories. This is distinct from the task of establishing the classes themselves (for example through cluster analysis). Examples include diagnostic tests, identif ...

of the

Nematoda The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitism, parasitic. Parasitic ...

,Hodda, M. 2011: Phylum Nematoda Cobb 1932. ''In'': Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011: Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. ''Zootaxa'', 3148: 63–95. (paperback) (online edition
PDF
/ref> in which it is one of the members of the order

Trichocephalida The Trichocephalida (Trichinellida or Trichurida in other classifications) is an order of parasitic nematodes. Taxonomy The order Trichocephalida includes, according to modern classifications, the single suborder Trichinellina Hodda, 2007, which ...

. However, ''

Capillaria ''Capillaria'' (, 1921) is a fantasy novel by Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy, which depicts an undersea world inhabited exclusively by women and recounts, in a satirical vein reminiscent of the style of Jonathan Swift, the first time that m ...

'' and closely related

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

are sometimes included in the family Trichinellidae in other

.
The

taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...

of the Capillariidae is disputed: according to different

, the family includes the single

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

'' or 22 different

('' Amphibiocapillaria,

Aonchotheca ''Aonchotheca'' is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Capillariidae. The genus was first described by López-Neyra in 1947. The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America. Species include: * ''Aonchotheca forres ...

, Baruscapillaria, Calodium,

, Capillostrongyloides, Crocodylocapillaria, Echinocoleus,

Eucoleus ''Eucoleus'' is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Capillariidae. Dwelling ''primarily in the airways of foxes, it can be found worldwide in dogs and cats'.'' The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *''Eucoleus aerophil ...

, Freitascapillaria, Gessyella, Liniscus, Paracapillaria, Paracapillaroides, Pearsonema, Paratrichosoma, Pseudocapillaria, Piscicapillaria, Pseudocapillaroides, Pterothominx, Schulmanela'', and '' Tenoranema'').Moravec, F. 2001: Trichinelloid Nematodes parasitic in cold-blooded vertebrates. Academia, Praha, 432 pp. (list of genera in pages 30–32) () In 2017, a new genus was added to this list: '' Lobocapillaria''. Old literature, and sometimes modern medical literature, use ''

'' as a

for

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

included in all these

. In contrast, certain species parasitic in fish, previously classified in ''

'', are now considered members of the

Huffmanela ''Huffmanela'' is a genus of parasitism, parasitic nematodes, belonging to the family Trichosomoididae. Morphology As other nematodes, species of ''Huffmanela'' are elongate and vermiform. They are especially thin and small. The male is smaller ...

'' (family

Trichosomoididae The ''Trichosomoididae'' is a family of nematodes. Morphological characteristics The Trichosomoididae, as most nematodes, have an elongate body, vermiform and covered with a cuticle. There is often a cuticular ornamentation in form of cephalic ...

).
The term Capillariasis is generally used for diseases produced by species of ''

'', even if the species is now placed in another

Species

Species included in the Capillariidae include: * ''

Capillaria aerophila ''Capillaria aerophila'' is a nematode parasite found in the respiratory tract of foxes, dogs, and various other carnivorous mammals. A few cases of human infestation have also been reported. Though it is sometimes called a "lungworm", this t ...

''; modern name ''Eucoleus aerophilus'' * '' Capillaria gastrica'' * '' Capillaria hepatica''; modern name ''Calodium hepaticum'' * '' Capillaria philippinensis''; modern name ''Paracapillaria philippinensis'' * ''

Capillaria plica ''Capillaria plica'' (dog bladder worm) is a parasitic nematode which is most often found in the urinary bladder, and occasionally in the kidneys, of dogs and foxes. It has also been found in the domestic cat, and various wild mammals. Its prese ...

''; modern name ''Pearsonema plica'' * '' Paracapillaria xenentodoni''

References

External links

*
WORMS
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3719823 Trichocephalida Parasitic nematodes of vertebrates Nematode families

Taxonomy

Species

See also

References

Further reading

External links