Canning I is a
community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of District, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). T ...
that forms an administrative division in
Canning subdivision
Canning subdivision is an administrative subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Overview
Canning subdivision has a very low level of urbanization. Only 12.37% of the population lives in the urban areas a ...
of
South 24 Parganas district
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in ...
in the
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
n
state
State most commonly refers to:
* State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory
**Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country
**Nation state, a ...
of
West Bengal
West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
.
Geography
Canning I CD block is located at . It has an average elevation of .
Canning I CD block is bounded by
Canning II CD block in the north,
Basanti CD block in the east and south,
Kultali,
Jaynagar I
Jaynagar I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Baruipur subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
Dhosa and Tilpi are important archaeological sites in the Ja ...
and
Baruipur and small part of
Sonarpur CD blocks in the west.
South 24 Parganas district
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in ...
is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent
geological period
The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the geologic record, rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating stratum, strata ...
, a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both
tidal inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural
levee
A levee ( or ), dike (American English), dyke (British English; see American and British English spelling differences#Miscellaneous spelling differences, spelling differences), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is an elevated ridge, natural ...
s and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up of the depressions containing
brackish water
Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuary ...
wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is
monsoon
A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...
dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.
Canning I CD block has an area of 187.86 km
2. It has 1
panchayat samity, 10
gram panchayats, 196 gram sansads (village councils), 61
mouza
In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India, a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...
s and 53 inhabited villages, as per the ''District Statistical Handbook'' for South Twenty-four Parganas.
Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under ...
and
Jibantala police stations serve this CD Block. Headquarters of this CD block is at
Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under ...
.
Canning I CD block has 64.61 km of embankments. Breaches in these embankments varied from 1.5 km in 2004-05 to 4.5 km in 2005-06. Embankments raised along rivers are of critical importance for the safety of lives and protection of crops, against daily tides and tidal surges. Technologically the embankment structures are weak and there is need of proper drainage of accumulated rain water through sluice gates. Crude cuts in embankments for drainage of accumulated rain water and channels built for providing water to large fisheries () also add to the hazards. Cyclones and tropical depressions are regular threats.
Gram panchayats of Canning I CD block/
panchayat samiti
Panchayat samiti or block panchayat is a rural local government ( panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) or block level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has b ...
are: Bansra, Daria, Dighirpar, Gopalpur, Hatpukuria, Itkhola, Matla-I, Matla-II, Nikarighata and Taldi.
Demographics
Population
As per
2011 Census of India, Canning I CD block had a total population of 304,724, of which 181,508 were rural and 123,216 were urban. There were 155,126 (51%) males and 149,598 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 44,344.
Scheduled Castes numbered 144,906 (47.55%) and
Scheduled Tribes numbered 3,710 (1.22%).
As per
2001 Census of India
The 2001 census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871.
The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. The total population increased b ...
, Canning I CD block had a total population of 244,354, out of which 125,216 were males and 119,138 were females. Canning I CD block registered a population growth of 24.48 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for
South 24 Parganas
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in Ba ...
district was 20.89 per cent. Decadal growth in
West Bengal
West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
was 17.84 per cent.
Scheduled Castes at 126,485 formed about one-half the population.
Scheduled Tribes numbered 6,731.
Census Town
In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics.
India
In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...
s in Canning I CD block (2011 census figures in brackets):
Kalaria (10,075),
Gaur Daha (5,260),
Banshra (29,521),
Rajapur (9,754),
Taldi (12,459),
Bayarsingh (8,346),
Matla (31,920) and
Dighirpar
Dighirpar is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning, South 24 Parganas, Canning police station in the Canning I Community development block in India, CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas ...
(15,881).
[
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Canning I CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Khas Kumarkhali (7,227), Sibnagar (5,667), Daria (4,900), Bhaleya (5,858), Hatpukhuria (4,629), Devis Abad (8,128), Dharmatala (5,003), Duttababur Abad (6,095), Gopalpur (4,958), Hero Bhanga (7,339), Uttar Redokhali (5,006), Maukhali (4,164), Uttar Angad Baria (5,141), Kumarsa Chak (7,334), Banibadabede Khali (4,930), Budh Khali (8,908), Gola Bari (4,896) and Modhu Khali (5,546).][
Other villages in Canning I CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Nikarighata (3,419), Tangrakhali (1,221).][
]
Literacy
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Canning I CD block was 184,241 (70.76% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 103,611 (78.31% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 80,630 (62.95% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity
Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex chromosome#Sex determination, Sex determination generally occurs by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. ''phenot ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 15.36%.[
As per 2011 Census of India, literacy in ]South 24 Parganas
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in Ba ...
district was 77.51 Literacy in West Bengal
West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
was 77.08% in 2011. Literacy in India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
in 2011 was 74.04%.[
As per ]2001 Census of India
The 2001 census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871.
The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. The total population increased b ...
, Canning I CD block had a total literacy of 60.49 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 72.56 per cent female literacy was 47.79 per cent. South 24 Parganas
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in Ba ...
district had a total literacy of 69.45 per cent, male literacy being 79.19 per cent and female literacy being 59.01 per cent.[
See also – ]List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census.
With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 C ...
Language
At the time of the 2011 census, 99.46% of the population spoke Bengali, 0.51% Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
and 0.02% Urdu
Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...
as their first language.
Religion
In the 2011 Census of India, Hindus numbered 188,849 and formed 61.97% of the population in Canning I CD block. Muslims numbered 114,252 and formed 37.49% of the population. Others numbered 1,623 and formed 0.54% of the population. Amongst the others, Christians numbered 978. In 2001, Hindus and Muslims made up 65.32% and 34.34% of the population respectively.
The proportion of Hindus in South Twenty-four Parganas district has declined from 76.0% in 1961 to 63.2% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in South Twenty-four Parganas district has increased from 23.4% to 35.6% during the same period. Christians formed 0.8% in 2011.
Rural poverty
As per the ''Human Development Report
The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
The first HDR was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Ma ...
'' for South 24 Parganas district, published in 2009, in Canning I CD block the percentage of households below poverty line
Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from s ...
was 31.05%. The poverty rates were very high in the Sundarbans settlements
Sundarbans (; pronounced ) is a mangrove forest area in the Ganges Delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal to t ...
with all thirteen CD blocks registering poverty ratios above 30% and eight CD blocks had more than 40% of the population in the BPL category. The Sundarban region remains the most backward region in terms of quality of life. As per rural household survey in 2005, the proportion of households in South 24 Parganas with poverty rates below poverty line was 34.11%, way above the state and national poverty ratios.
Economy
Livelihood
In Canning I CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 13,339 and formed 12.25%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,571 and formed 22.57%, household industry workers numbered 11,721 and formed 10.77% and other workers numbered 59,217 and formed 54.40%. Total workers numbered 108,848 and formed 35.72% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 195,876 and formed 64.28% of the population.
The ''District Human Development Report'' points out that in the blocks of region situated in the close proximity of the Kolkata metropolis, overwhelming majority are involved in the non-agricultural sector for their livelihood. On the other hand, in the Sundarban region, overwhelming majority are dependent on agriculture. In the intermediate region, there is again predominance of the non-agricultural sector. Though the region is not very close to Kolkata, many places are well connected and some industrial/ economic development has taken place.
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.
Infrastructure
There are 53 inhabited villages in Canning I CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', South Twenty-four Parganas, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 53 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 15 villages (28.30%) have post offices. 46 villages (86.79%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 12 villages (22.64%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 15 villages (28.30%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 1 village (1.89%) has an agricultural credit society and 4 villages (7.55%) have banks.
Agriculture
South 24 Parganas had played a significant role in the Tebhaga movement
The Tebhaga movement (1946–1947) was significant peasant agitation, initiated in Bengal by the All India Kisan Sabha of peasant front of the Communist Party of India.
History
At that time, landlords required tenant farmers and sharecroppe ...
launched by the Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is a political party in India. The CPI considers the Foundation of the Communist Party of India, December 26, 1925 Cawnpore (Kanpur) conference as its foundation date. Between 1946 and 1951, the CPI led m ...
in 1946. Subsequently, '' Operation Barga'' was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In Canning I CD block 3,452.16 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 2,831.61 acres or 82,02% of the vested land was distributed among the peasants. The total number of patta (document) holders was 9,254.
According to the ''District Human Development Report'', agriculture is an important source of livelihood in South Twentyfour Parganas district. The amount of cultivable land per agricultural worker is only 0.41 hectare in the district. Moreover, the irrigation facilities have not been extended to a satisfactory scale. Agriculture mostly remains a mono-cropped activity.
As per the ''District Census Handbook'', the saline soil of the district is unfit for cultivation, but the non-salty lands are very fertile. While rice is the main food crop, jute is the main cash crop.
In 2013-14, there were 70 fertiliser depots, 11 seed stores and 54 fair price shops in Canning I CD block.
In 2013–14, Canning I CD block produced 3,325 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 2,224 hectares, 654 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 253 hectares, 11,900 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,514 hectares and 759 tonnes of potatoes from 23 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.[
]
Pisciculture
In Canning I CD block, in 2013-14, net area under effective pisciculture was 6,425 hectares, engaging 44,445 persons in the profession, and with an approximate annual production of 151,940 quintals.[
Pisciculture is an important source of employment in South 24 Parganas district. As of 2001, more than 4.5 lakh people were engaged in Pisciculture. Out of this 2.57 lakhs were from the 13 blocks in the Sundarbans.
]
Banking
In 2013-14, Canning I CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 1 gramin banks.[
]
Backward Regions Grant Fund
South 24 Parganas district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.
Transport
Canning I CD block has 1 ferry service and 3 originating/ terminating bus routes[
Piali, Gourdaha, Ghutiari Sharif, Taldi, Matla and ]Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under ...
are stations on the Sealdah South section.
Education
In 2013-14, Canning I CD block had 119 primary schools with 20,202 students, 16 middle schools with 2,046 students, 3 high schools with 1,984 students and 13 higher secondary schools with 18,525 students. Canning CD block had 1 general degree college with 2,495 students and 535 institutions for special and non-formal education with 29,795 students.[
See also – ]Education in India
Education in India is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the command of the government at three levels: Government of India, central, States and Territories of India, state and Local government in In ...
As per the 2011 census, in Canning I CD block, amongst the 53 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 37 villages had two or more primary schools, 23 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 13 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.
Bankim Sardar College was established at Tangrakhali in 1955.
Healthcare
Certain areas of South 24 Parganas district
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in ...
have been identified where ground water is affected by Arsenic Contamination. High levels of arsenic in ground water were found in twelve CD blocks of the district. Water samples collected from tubewells in the affected places contained arsenic above the normal level (10 micrograms per litre as specified by the World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Gen ...
). The affected CD blocks are Baruipur, Bhangar I
Bhangar I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Baruipur subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
The Bhangar I CD block is located at . It has an average ele ...
, Bhangar II
Bhangar II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Baruipur subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
The Bhangar II CD block is located at . It has an average e ...
, Bishnupur I
Bishnupur I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Alipore Sadar subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Bishnupur I CD block is located at . It has an avera ...
, Bishnupur II
Bishnupur II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Alipore Sadar subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
The Bishnupur II CD block is located at . It has an ...
, Basanti, Budge Budge II
Budge Budge II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Alipore Sadar subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
The Budge Budge II CD block is located at . It has ...
, Canning I, Canning II, Sonarpur, Magrahat II
Magrahat II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas district in the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal.
Geogr ...
and Jaynagar I
Jaynagar I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Baruipur subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
Dhosa and Tilpi are important archaeological sites in the Ja ...
.
In 2014, Canning I CD block had 1 hospital, 1 block primary health centre and 6 private nursing homes with total 145 beds and 23 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 56 family welfare subcentres. 15,961 patients were treated indoor and 381,408 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.[
As per 2011 census, in Canning I CD block, 2 villages had community health centres, 34 villages had primary health subcentres, 3 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 10 villages had medicine shops and out of the 53 inhabited villages 7 villages had no medical facilities.
Ghutiari Sharif Block Primary Health Centre at Ghutiari Sharif, with 10 beds, is the major government medical facility in Canning I CD block.]
References
{{Municipalities of West Bengal
Community development blocks in South 24 Parganas district