Candice Mae Bridge is an American chemist and Associate Professor of
Chemistry and
Forensic Science at the
University of Central Florida
The University of Central Florida (UCF) is a public research university whose main campus is in unincorporated Orange County, Florida. UCF also has nine smaller regional campuses throughout central Florida. It is part of the State University ...
. Her research considers the development of
mass spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a ''mass spectrum'', a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is use ...
for forensic analysis, including the characterization of lubricant from rape victims and
residue from gunshots, as well as the identification of drugs in urine samples.
Early life and education
Bridge is from
Brooklyn, New York
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, behi ...
.
She was encouraged by her high school guidance counselor to study chemistry at university.
Bridge earned her bachelor's degree in chemistry and applied mathematics at
Howard University
Howard University (Howard) is a Private university, private, University charter#Federal, federally chartered historically black research university in Washington, D.C. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classifie ...
, where she worked in the laboratory of
Folahan Ayorinde. She moved to the
University of Central Florida
The University of Central Florida (UCF) is a public research university whose main campus is in unincorporated Orange County, Florida. UCF also has nine smaller regional campuses throughout central Florida. It is part of the State University ...
for her graduate studies, where she worked alongside
Michael Sigman on the development of
laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy which uses a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites samples. The formation of ...
(LIBS) for forensic analysis. Before the work of Bridge, forensic analysis was conducted using
scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA or EDAX) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chem ...
(EDX), which is a time consuming analytical tool that is impractical for high throughout analysis.
On the other hand, LIBS offers the opportunity for elemental analysis based on the emissions of the ionic, atomic and diatomic molecular components.
As part of her doctoral research, Bridge developed statistical methods that allowed analysis of known and unknown samples. She was one of the first people with a doctoral degree in forensic science in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...
.
After earning her doctorate, Bridge remained at the
University of Central Florida College of Optics and Photonics where she continued to study LIBS and developed sophisticated analytical techniques. In 2008 Bridge joined Howard University as a lecturer of chemistry, and was voted Professor of the Year.
Research and career
After a year at Howard University, Bridge joined the
United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...
Defense Forensic Science Center (DFSC) (formerly known as the
U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory). She held various positions at the DFSC, and was responsible for the examination of
trace evidence
Trace evidence is created when objects make contact. The material is often transferred by heat or induced by contact friction.
The importance of trace evidence in criminal investigations was shown by Dr. Edmond Locard in the early 20th century. ...
. She originally worked in
Atlanta, Georgia
Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,71 ...
, where she performed forensic investigations into fire debris.
She was eventually promoted to the Office of the Chief Scientist, where she oversaw human research projects.
In 2014 Bridge was appointed an Assistant Professor at the
University of Central Florida
The University of Central Florida (UCF) is a public research university whose main campus is in unincorporated Orange County, Florida. UCF also has nine smaller regional campuses throughout central Florida. It is part of the State University ...
, where she is also part of the
National Center for Forensic Science. She was the only Black
tenure-track
Tenure is a category of academic appointment existing in some countries. A tenured post is an indefinite academic appointment that can be terminated only for cause or under extraordinary circumstances, such as financial exigency or program disco ...
faculty member in the UCF Department of Chemistry.
At UCF she developed
mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a '' mass spectrum'', a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is u ...
,
gas chromatography
Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. Typical uses of GC include testing the purity of a particular substance, ...
and
fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas. An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectra ...
for use in sexual assault investigations. Bridge proposed that forensic scientists should investigate the lubricant and cosmetic particles left behind at the scene of a crime. In particular, she studies the evidence that is left behind on condoms.
In 2016 she was awarded a research grant from the
National Institute of Justice
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development and evaluation agency of the United States Department of Justice. NIJ, along with the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Juven ...
to study rape investigation methods in collaboration with the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, ...
.
To assist with rape investigations, Bridge developed th
Sexual Lubricant Database a compilation of data on the identifying characteristics and chemical composition of sexual lubricants. This database allows forensic scientists to analyze the ingredients found in sexual lubricants to identify their molecular signatures specific to certain brands and formulations. These unique elements allow investigators of sexual assaults to potentially identify lubricant evidence left at a crime scene and narrow the suspect pool to individuals who have that product or connect the crimes of a serial offender. For example, a lubricant that contains
pulegone
Pulegone is a naturally occurring organic compound obtained from the essential oils of a variety of plants such as ''Nepeta cataria'' (catnip), '' Mentha piperita'', and pennyroyal. It is classified as a monoterpene.
Pulegone is a clear colorle ...
will give the product a raspberry scent, allowing investigators to associate
trace evidence
Trace evidence is created when objects make contact. The material is often transferred by heat or induced by contact friction.
The importance of trace evidence in criminal investigations was shown by Dr. Edmond Locard in the early 20th century. ...
from a crime scene that smells like raspberries to a specific lubricant.
Awards and honors
* 2009 Professor of the Year, Howard University Chemistry Department
* 2014
United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...
Commanders Award for Civilian Service
* 2016 UCF Woman Making History
* 2017 ''
Essence magazine
''Essence'' is a monthly lifestyle magazine covering fashion, beauty, entertainment, and culture. First published in 1970, the magazine is written for African-American women.
History
Edward Lewis, Clarence O. Smith, Cecil Hollingsworth and ...
'' Young Phenom
Selected publications
*
*
*
*
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bridge, Candice
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Howard University alumni
University of Central Florida alumni
University of Central Florida faculty
21st-century American chemists
21st-century American women scientists
American women academics