Sabellastarte magnifica (Magnificent feather duster worm)

Canalipalpata, also known as bristle-footed

annelid The annelids (Annelida , from Latin ', "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecol ...

s or fan-head worms, is an order of

polychaete Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are ...

worm Worms are many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes (though not always). Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine polychaete worm ...

s, with 31 families in it including the suborder

Sabellida Sabellida is an order of annelid worms in the class Polychaeta Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions cal ...

(families Serpulidae (tubeworms) and Sabellidae (fanworms and feather duster worms) and the

Alvinellidae The Alvinellidae are a family of small, deep-sea polychaete worms endemic to hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean. Belonging to the order Terebellida, the family contains two genera, ''Alvinella'' and ''Paralvinella''; the former genus conta ...

, a family of deep-sea worms associated with hydrothermal vents. The Canalipalpata have no teeth or jaws. Most are

filter feeder Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Some animals that use this method of feedin ...

s. They have grooved

palpi Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and ...

, which are covered in

cilia The cilium, plural cilia (), is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell, and certain microorganisms known as ciliates. Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projecti ...

. These cilia are used to transport food particles to the mouth. However, the cilia and grooves have been lost in the Siboglinidae family.

Fossil record

The earliest known member of the Canalipalpata is '' Terebellites franklini'', which was found in the Clouds Rapids Formation of

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...

, and dates from the mid

Cambrian The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million years ag ...

(St David's series).

Use in aquaria

Many species of Canalipalpata are visually attractive.

Fanworms Sabellida is an order of annelid worms in the class Polychaeta. They are filter feeders with no buccal organ. The prostomium The prostomium (From Ancient Greek, meaning "before the mouth"; plural: prostomia; sometimes also called the "acron") i ...

and Christmas tree worms (a type of serpulid) are recommended as species for beginners to keep in a

marine aquarium A marine aquarium is an aquarium that keeps marine plants and animals in a contained environment. Marine aquaria are further subdivided by hobbyists into fish only (FO), fish only with live rock (FOWLR), and reef aquaria. Fish only tanks ofte ...

Taxonomy

Order Canalipalpata * Suborder

** Family Oweniidae ** Family Sabellariidae ** Family Sabellidae (Feather duster worms) ** Family Serpulidae ** Family Siboglinidae (Beard worms) ** Family Spirorbidae * Suborder

Spionida Spionida is an order of marine polychaete worms in the infraclass Canalipalpata. Spionids are cosmopolitan and live in soft substrates in the littoral or neritic zones. Characteristics Spionids have a single pair of flexible feeding tentac ...

** Family Apistobranchidae ** Family Chaetophteridae ** Family Longosomatidae ** Family Magelonidae ** Family Poecilochaetidae ** Family

Spionidae Spionidae is a family of marine worms within the Polychaeta. Spionids are selective deposit feeders that use their two grooved palps Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group ...

** Family Trochochaetidae ** Family Uncispionidae * Suborder

Terebellida Terebellida make up an order of the Polychaeta class, commonly referred to as "bristle worms". Together with the Sabellida, the Spionida and some enigmatic families of unclear taxonomic relationship (e.g. the Saccocirridae), they make up the ...

** Family

Acrocirridae Acrocirridae is a family of polychaete worms. Acrocirrids are detritivores (deposit feeders), catching falling particles with numerous long prostomial tentacles. There are eight known genera, and at least 21 described species and subspecies wi ...

** Family

Ampharetidae Ampharetidae are a family of terebellid "bristle worm" (class Polychaeta). As such, they belong to the order Canalipalpata, one of the three main clades of polychaetes. They appear to be most closely related to the peculiar alvinellids (Alvin ...

** Family Cirratulidae ** Family

Ctenodrilidae Ctenodrilidae is a family of polychaetes belonging to the order Terebellida. Genera: * '' Zeppelina'' Vaillant, 1890 References Terebellida {{Annelid-stub ...

** Family Fauveliopsidae ** Family Flabelligeridae ** Family Flotidae ** Family

Pectinariidae Pectinariidae, or the trumpet worms or ice cream cone worms, are a family of marine polychaete worms that build tubes using grains of sand roughly resembling ice cream cones or trumpets. These structures can be up to long. The earliest pectina ...

(Trumpet worms) ** Family Poeobiidae ** Family Sternaspidae ** Family Terebellidae (Spaghetti worms) ** Family

Trichobranchidae Trichobranchidae is a family of annelids in the order Terebellida. It consists of one subfamily, Trichobranchinae, to which all of its genera belong. Genera * '' Octobranchus'' Marion & Bobretzky, 1875Marion, A. & Bobretzky, N. (1875). Étude de ...

* ''

Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'' ** Family Polygordiidae ** Family Protodrilidae ** Family Protodriloididae ** Family Saccocirridae

References

External links

* Encyclopedia of Life: http://www.eol.org/pages/124?category_id=226 * Images from the canalipalpata order: http://zipcodezoo.com/index.php/Canalipalpata {{Taxonbar, from=Q3817224 Protostome orders