Canadian–American

Canadian Americans () are American citizens or in some uses residents whose ancestry is wholly or partly Canadian, or citizens of either country who hold dual citizenship. Today, many Canadian Americans hold both US and Canadian citizenship.

The term ''Canadian'' can mean a nationality or an ethnicity. Canadians are considered North Americans due their residing in the North American continent. English-speaking Canadian immigrants easily integrate and assimilate into northern and western U.S. states as a result of many cultural similarities, and in the similar accent in spoken English. French Canadians, because of language and culture, tend to take longer to assimilate. However, by the 3rd generation, they are often fully culturally assimilated, and the Canadian identity is more or less folklore. This took place, even though half of the population of the province of Quebec emigrated to the US between 1840 and 1930. Many New England cities formed ' Little Canadas', but many of these have gradually disappeared.

This cultural "invisibility" within the larger US population is seen as creating stronger affinity among Canadians living in the US than might otherwise exist. According to US Census estimates, the number of Canadian residents was around 640,000 in 2000. Some sources have cited the number to possibly be over 1,000,000. This number, though, is far smaller than the number of Americans who can trace part or the whole of their ancestry to Canada. The percentage of these in the New England states is almost 25% of the total population.

In some regions of the United States, especially New England or the Midwest, a Canadian American often means one whose ancestors came from Canada.Mark Paul Richard, ''From 'Canadien' to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present'', PhD dissertation, Duke University, 2002; ''Dissertation Abstracts International'', 2002 62(10): 3540-A. DA3031009, 583p.

American cities founded by or named after Canadians

*Biloxi, founded by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
*Bourbonnais, Illinois, named after François Bourbonnais
*Chandler, Arizona, founded by Dr. Alexander J. (A.J.) Chandler
*Dubuque, founded by and named after Julien Dubuque
*Hamtramck, named after Jean François Hamtramck
*Juneau, named after Joe Juneau
*Milwaukee, founded by Solomon Juneau
* Mobile, founded by Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville
*New Orleans, founded by Lemoyne de Bienville
*Ontario, California, founded by George Chaffey
*Saint Paul, first settled by Pierre Parrant
*Vincennes, Indiana, founded by François-Marie Bissot

Canadian American Day

The Connecticut State Senate unanimously passed a bill in 2009, making June 24 Canadian American Day in the state of Connecticut. The bill allows state officials to hold ceremonies at the capitol and other places each year to honor Americans of Canadian ancestry.

Aboriginal Canadian Americans

As a consequence of Article 3 of the Jay Treaty of 1794, official First Nations status, or in the United States, Native American status, also confers the right to live and work on either side of the border. Unlike the U.S., Canada has not codified the Jay Treaty. Canadian courts readily reject the Jay Treaty free passage of goods right.

Study

Some institutions in the United States focus on Canadian-American studies, including the Canadian-American Center at the University of Maine, the Center for Canadian American studies at Western Washington University, and the University at Buffalo Canadian-American Studies Committee.

Notable people

See also

*American Canadians

* :American people of Canadian descent
* :Canadian emigrants to the United States
* :Canadian expatriates in the United States
*Canada–United States relations
* Franco-Americans
*French Canadians
*Little Canadas
*Quebec diaspora

References

Further reading

*
* Desrosiers-Lauzon, Godefroy. ''Florida's snowbirds: Spectacle, mobility, and community since 1945'' ( McGill-Queen's University Press, 2011).
*

* Fedunkiw, Marianne P. "Canadian Americans" in ''Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America'', edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 395–405
Online
*; for secondary schools.
* Hansen, Marcus Lee. ''The Mingling of the Canadian and American Peoples, Vol. I: Historical'' (Yale University Press, 1940), major scholarly study, coverage to 1938; vol 2 never published
online

* McQuillan, D. Aidan. "Franch-Canadian Communities in the American Upper Midwest during the Nineteenth Century." ''Cahiers de géographie du Québec'' 23.58 (1979): 53–72.
* Newton, J. Lason. " 'These French Canadian of the Woods are Half-Wild Folk': Wilderness, Whiteness, and Work in North America, 1840–1955" ''Labour / Le Travail'' (2016)., 77:121–150
online
*

* Sharp, Paul F. ''Whoop-Up Country: The Canadian-American West, 1865-1885'' ( University of Minnesota Press, 1955).
*Simpson, Jeffrey (2000). ''Star-Spangled Canadians: Canadians Living the American Dream''. HarperCollins ; recent history
* Smith, Marian L. "The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) at the US-Canadian border, 1893-1993: An overview of issues and topics." ''Michigan Historical Review'' (2000): 127–147
online
* Sorrell, Richard S. "The survivance of French Canadians in New England (1865–1930): History, geography and demography as destiny." ''Ethnic and Racial Studies'' 4.1 (1981): 91–109.
* Truesdell, Leon E. ''The Canadian Born in the United States: An Analysis of the Statistics of the Canadian Element in the Population of the United States, 1850 to 1930'' (Yale UP, 1943)
online review

External links

Connect2Canada.com

{{Authority control

Canada–United States relations
Canadian diaspora in the United States
*
Canadian diaspora in North America