Camylofin is an

antimuscarinic A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, also simply known as a muscarinic antagonist or as an antimuscarinic agent, is a type of anticholinergic drug that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The muscarin ...

drug. Camylofin is a

smooth muscle Smooth muscle is one of the three major types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the others being skeletal and cardiac muscle. It can also be found in invertebrates and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It is non- striated, so-called bec ...

relaxant with both

anticholinergic Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central nervous system, central and peripheral nervous system. These agents inhibit the parasympatheti ...

action and direct

action. Anticholinergic action is produced by inhibiting the binding of

acetylcholine Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter. Its name is derived from its chemical structure: it is an ester of acetic acid and choline. Par ...

muscarinic receptors Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-recep ...

, but the action is less pronounced. Direct smooth muscle relaxation is achieved by inhibiting

phosphodiesterase A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, ''phosphodiesterase'' refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below. However, there are many oth ...

type IV, which leads to increased

cyclic AMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triph ...

and eventually reduced

cytosolic The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells ( intracellular fluid (ICF)). It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondri ...

calcium. Thus camylofin has a comprehensive action to relieve smooth muscle

spasm A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, such as the bladder. A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a musc ...

. It is used to treat stomach ache in infants and children. Usually it is given in combination with

paracetamol Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol. Parac ...

to treat stomach ache, as well as

pyrexia Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with body temperature exceeding the normal range caused by an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus. There is no single agre ...

Synthesis

The

Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation The Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation reaction is a chemical transformation that transforms an alkyl carboxylic acid to the α-bromo derivative. It is a specialized and rare kind of halogenation. Examples An example of the Hell–Volhard� ...

on phenylacetic acid 03-82-2(1) gives 2-Bromo-2-phenylacetyl bromide
CID:15621041
(2). Treatment with

isoamyl alcohol Isoamyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with the formula , specifically (H3C–)2CH–CH2–CH2–OH. It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol (pentanol). It is also known as isopentyl alcohol, isopentanol, or (in the IUPAC recommended nomencla ...

23-51-3gives 3-methylbutyl bromo(phenyl)acetate 2018-48-9(3). Alkylation with N,N-Diethylethylenediamine 00-36-7(4) completed the synthesis of ''Camylofin'' (5).

References

{{Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Diethylamino compounds Carboxylate esters Muscarinic antagonists