''Campanile'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of large

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s in the family Campanilidae.

Biology

All species in this genus have become extinct, except '' Campanile symbolicum'' Iredale, 1917 from southwestern Australia. They used to flourish in the

Tethys Sea The Tethys Ocean ( ; ), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era and early-mid Cenozoic Era. It was the predecessor to the modern Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Eurasia ...

and underwent a widespread adaptive radiation in the

Cenozoic The Cenozoic Era ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterized by the dominance of mammals, insects, birds and angiosperms (flowering plants). It is the latest of three g ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Campanile'' include: * † '' Campanile auvertianum'' * † ''Campanile brookmani'' Cox 1930 * † ''Campanile claytonense'' * † '' Campanile cornucopiae'' * † '' Campanile dilloni'' * † '' Campanile elongatum'' * † '' Campanile giganteum'' (Lamarck, 1804) - a gigantic fossil species from the

Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...

* † '' Campanile gigas'' Martin 1881 * † ''

Campanile greenellum A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell tower ...

'' * † '' Campanile hebertianum'' * † '' Campanile houbricki'' * † '' Campanile parisiense'' * † ''

Campanile paratum A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell tower ...

'' * '' Campanile symbolicum'' Iredale, 1917 - a living Australian species. This is the only extant species of Campanilidae. * † ''

Campanile tchihatcheffi A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell tower ...

'' d’Archiac 1850 * † '' Campanile trevorjacksoni'' Portell & Donovan, 2008 - a fossil species from the

Mitchell F. S. (2009). "Discussion of ''Campanile trevorjacksoni'' sp. nov. (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Eocene of Jamaica—at last, a name for the first fossil used in intercontinental biostratigraphic correlation (de la Beche 1827): (v. 43, p. 542–551)". ''

Geological Journal The ''Geological Journal'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of geology. It is published by Wiley in affiliation with Northwest University and the editors-in-chief are Ian D. Somerville (University College Dublin ...

'' 44(4): 494-496. . * † '' Campanile uniplicatum'' (d'Orbigny, 1850) * † ''

Campanile villaltai A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell tower ...

References

Fossilworks: ''Campanile''
* M. Harzhauser. 2007. ''Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific.'' Palaeontographica Abteilung A 280:75-121 Campanilidae {{Caenogastropoda-stub