Camino (from the Spanish word ' meaning "path") is a discontinued free,

open source Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use and view the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open source model is a decentrali ...

, GUI-based

Web browser A web browser, often shortened to browser, is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's scr ...

based on

Mozilla Mozilla is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, publishes and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting free software and open standards. The community is supported institution ...

Gecko Geckos are small, mostly carnivorous lizards that have a wide distribution, found on every continent except Antarctica. Belonging to the infraorder Gekkota, geckos are found in warm climates. They range from . Geckos are unique among lizards ...

layout engine and specifically designed for the

OS X macOS, previously OS X and originally Mac OS X, is a Unix, Unix-based operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. With ...

operating system An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common daemon (computing), services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating systems scheduler (computing), schedule tasks for ...

. In place of an XUL-based user interface used by most Mozilla-based applications, Camino used Mac-native Cocoa

API An application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or between computer programs. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other pieces of software. A document or standard that describes how to build ...

s. On May 30, 2013, the Camino Project announced that the browser is no longer being developed. As Camino's aim was to integrate as well as possible with OS X, it used the Aqua user interface and integrated a number of OS X services and features such as the Keychain for password management and Bonjour for scanning available bookmarks across the local network. Other notable features included an integrated pop-up blocker and

ad blocker Ad blocking (or ad filtering) is a software capability for blocking or altering online advertising in a web browser, an application or a network. This may be done using browser extensions or other methods or browsers with inside blocking. Hist ...

, and

tabbed browsing In interface design, a tab is a graphical user interface object that allows multiple documents or Panel (computer software), panels to be contained within a single window (computing), window, using tabs as a navigational widget for switching be ...

that included an overview feature allowing tabs to be viewed all at once as pages.Camino 2.0 adds Tab Overview, improved annoyance blocking , E-Mail & Internet , MacUser
Macworld. Retrieved on 2010-11-11. The browser was developed by the Camino Project, a community organization. Mike Pinkerton had been the technical lead of the Camino project since Dave Hyatt moved to the

Safari A safari (; originally ) is an overland journey to observe wildlife, wild animals, especially in East Africa. The so-called big five game, "Big Five" game animals of Africa – lion, African leopard, leopard, rhinoceros, African elephant, elep ...

team at

Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley. It is best known for its consumer electronics, software, and services. Founded in 1976 as Apple Comput ...

in mid-2002.

History

Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar Define $dy = -3 # shift text to right side of bar Define $now = 07/12/2011 Define $start = 13/02/2002 ImageSize = width:140 height:550 PlotArea = width:50 height:530 left:50 bottom:10 DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:$start till:$now TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:2003 PlotData= bar:Leaders color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S from:13/02/2002 till:$now from:13/02/2002 till:13/02/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.1 from:06/04/2002 till:06/04/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.2 from:24/07/2002 till:24/07/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.4 from:09/09/2002 till:09/09/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.5 from:05/11/2002 till:05/11/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.6 from:06/03/2003 till:06/03/2003 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.7 from:25/06/2004 till:25/06/2004 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.8 from:14/02/2006 till:14/02/2006 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:1.0 from:05/06/2007 till:05/06/2007 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:1.5 from:17/04/2008 till:17/04/2008 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:1.6 from:18/11/2009 till:18/11/2009 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:2.0 from:29/11/2011 till:29/11/2011 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:2.1

In late 2001, Mike Pinkerton and Vidur Apparao started a project within

Netscape Netscape Communications Corporation (originally Mosaic Communications Corporation) was an American independent computer services company with headquarters in Mountain View, California, and then Dulles, Virginia. Its Netscape web browser was o ...

to prove that Gecko could be embedded in a Cocoa application. In early 2002 Dave Hyatt, one of the co-creators of

Firefox Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements curr ...

(then called Phoenix), joined the team and built Chimera, a small, lightweight browser wrapper, around their work. "Chimera" is a mythological beast with parts taken from various animals and as the new browser represented an early example of Carbon/C++ code interacting with Cocoa/

Objective-C Objective-C is a high-level general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style message passing (messaging) to the C programming language. Originally developed by Brad Cox and Tom Love in the early 1980s, it was ...

code, the name must have seemed apt. The first downloadable build of Chimera 0.1 was released on February 13, 2002. The early releases became popular due to their fast page-loading speeds (as compared with then-dominant Mac browser,

Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company, technology conglomerate headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Founded in 1975, the company became influential in the History of personal computers#The ear ...

's Internet Explorer version 5 or OmniGroup's OmniWeb, which then used the

Cocoa text system The Cocoa text system (formerly known simply by the primary class name NSText) is the linked network of classes, protocols, interfaces and objects that provide typography and text field editing capabilities and to Cocoa applications on Apple ...

as its rendering engine). Hyatt was hired by Apple Computer in mid-2002 to start work on what would become

. Meanwhile, the Chimera developers got a small team together within Netscape, with dedicated development and QA, to put together a Netscape-branded technology preview for the January 2003 Macworld Conference. However, two days before the show, AOL management decided to abandon the entire project. Despite this setback, a skeleton crew of QA and developers released Camino 0.7 on March 3, 2003. The name was changed from Chimera to Camino for legal reasons. Because of its roots in

Greek mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology. These stories conc ...

, ''Chimera'' has been a popular choice of name for

hypermedia Hypermedia, an extension of hypertext, is a nonlinear medium of information that includes graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks. This designation contrasts with the broader term ''multimedia'', which may include non-interactive linear ...

systems. One of the first graphical web browsers was called Chimera, and researchers at the

University of California, Irvine The University of California, Irvine (UCI or UC Irvine) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Irvine, California, United States. One of the ten campuses of the University of California system, U ...

, have also developed a complete hypermedia system of the same name. ''Camino'' is Spanish for "path" or "road" (as in El Camino Real, aka the Royal Road), and the name was chosen to continue the "

Navigator A navigator is the person on board a ship or aircraft responsible for its navigation.Grierson, MikeAviation History—Demise of the Flight Navigator FrancoFlyers.org website, October 14, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2014. The navigator's prim ...

" motif. While version 0.7 was primarily a Netscape-driven release kept afloat at the end by

, version 0.8 was, according to lead developer Pinkerton, "a triumph of open source and open process. People from all around the world helped with patches, QA, bug triage, localization, artwork, and evangelism." In March 2005, Camino's Web site was moved from the

Mozilla Foundation The Mozilla Foundation is an American non-profit organization that exists to support and collectively lead the Open-source software, open source Mozilla project. Founded in July 2003, the organization sets the policies that govern development, ...

's domain ''mozilla.org'' to the Camino Project's domain ''caminobrowser.org''. In September 2005, Pinkerton accepted a position at

Google Google LLC (, ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial ...

where he worked closely with Google's Firefox team and continued to work on Camino during his "twenty percent" time. Camino 1.0, released on February 14, 2006, was the first browser of the Mozilla family to appear as a universal binary, thanks largely to the efforts of Mark Mentovai, another of the Camino developers. Camino 2.0, released on November 18, 2009, introduced many new interface features to the browser including movable tabs and tab preview. It was the first Camino release to be Acid2-compliant. With the release of Camino 2.1 in 2011, the developers announced plans to transition to

WebKit WebKit is a browser engine primarily used in Apple's Safari web browser, as well as all web browsers on iOS and iPadOS. WebKit is also used by the PlayStation consoles starting with the PS3, the Tizen mobile operating systems, the Amazon K ...

for future versions, as Mozilla had dropped support for Gecko embedding. The final release was 2.1.2 released on March 14, 2012. On May 30, 2013, Stuart Morgan announced on Camino Blog that Camino had reached its end and was no longer being developed.Camino. Blog. 2013 Archives
"Camino Reaches Its End" (2013-05-30). Retrieved on 2013-05-30.

Standards compliance

Camino 2.0, released on November 18, 2009, introduced many new interface features to the browser including moveable tabs and tab preview. It was the first Camino release to be Acid2-compliant. The final release (2.1.2) scores a 99/100 on the Acid3 test. Camino's HTML5 support via the '' HTML5test'' standards testbed is limited.

Multilingual support

Camino 2.1.2 is available in the following languages: * Dutch * German * English (US) * French * Italian * Japanese * Swedish * Chinese (Simplified) * Norwegian * Spanish

Version compatibility

References

External links