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''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawdaddies, crawdads, freshwater lobsters, mountain lobsters, rock lobsters, ...
from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in).


Description

The genus ''Cambarus'' is the second largest freshwater crayfish genus inhabiting the Northern Hemisphere, with only sixty fewer species than the genus ''
Procambarus ''Procambarus'' is a genus of crayfish in the family Cambaridae, all native to North and Central America. It includes a number of troglobitic species, and the marbled crayfish (''marmorkrebs''), which is parthenogenetic. Originally described ...
''. Though ''Cambarus'' are varied across species, the two terminal elements that make up the male form I
gonopod Gonopods are specialized appendages of various arthropods used in reproduction or egg-laying. In males, they facilitate the transfer of sperm from male to female during mating, and thus are a type of intromittent organ. In crustaceans and millipe ...
form ninety degree angles with the central appendage, allowing for their identification. Unlike the genus ''
Procambarus ''Procambarus'' is a genus of crayfish in the family Cambaridae, all native to North and Central America. It includes a number of troglobitic species, and the marbled crayfish (''marmorkrebs''), which is parthenogenetic. Originally described ...
'' whose first
pleopod The decapod (crustaceans such as a crab, lobster, shrimp or prawn) is made up of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts: the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen). Each segment may possess one pair of appendages, although in various ...
tends to have three processes at the tip, ''Cambarus'' has only one or two. ''Cambarus'' reach 17–26 mm
carapace A carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the und ...
lengths in their first year, while average adult carapace length ranges from 55–62 mm. As a genus containing nearly 100 species, ''Cambarus's'' coloration is variable. ''
Cambarus bartonii ''Cambarus bartonii'' is a species of crayfish native to eastern North America, where it is called the common crayfish or Appalachian brook crayfish. ''C. bartonii'' was the first crayfish to be described from North America, when Johan Christia ...
'' is dark brown, while species like '' Cambarus pauleyi'' range from subtle to vibrant blues and reds. Other species are light green or grayish in color.


Biogeography

Most species of ''Cambarus'' are restricted to the United States and Canada. They are distributed along the eastern coast, extending from
New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen Provinces and territories of Canada, provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic Canad ...
to northern
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, a ...
. However, the genus extends as far westward as the
Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico in ...
of
Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the sou ...
and
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...
, inhabiting a variety of
freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does in ...
environments.


Habitat

''Cambarus'' occupy a range of freshwater environments including streams, rivers, lakes, and burrows. Burrowing species of the genus include '' Cambarus dubius''. ''Cambarus'' also include many cave-dwelling species, both stygobites and stygophiles. While salinity and temperature changes minimally affect ''Cambarus'', the genus has shown an intolerance to pollution.


Ecology


Diet

Like other crayfish, ''Cambarus'' are foragers. Diets are largely plant-based, though ''Cambarus'' also consume small marine organisms like molluscs, larvae, tadpoles and amphibian eggs. ''Cambarus'' consume small rodents or birds when available. In their first year, ''Cambarus'' typically consume 1-4% of their overall body-weight each day. The genus is central to many freshwater
food web A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one ...
s as they help maintain water quality through consumption of
algae Algae ( , ; : alga ) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms. The name is an informal term for a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from ...
.


Vulnerability

One of the largest crayfish genera, ''Cambarus'' includes a sizable number of vulnerable species. Cave-dwellers like ''
Cambarus jonesi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' are at risk due to their lack of
genetic diversity Genetic diversity is the total number of Genetics, genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, it ranges widely from the number of species to differences within species and can be attributed to the span of survival for a species. ...
and low population count. Other species like ''Cambarus veteranus'' are at risk due to human practices like logging and mining, which increase sediment amounts in freshwater environments. Increased sediment causes these freshwater environments to be uninhabitable, and ''Cambarus'' are forced to relocate as a result.


Behavior


Growth

Molting In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is the manner in which an animal routinely casts off a part of its body (often, but not always, an outer ...
occurs among ''Cambarus'' approximately 5-10 times during their first year, and 3-5 times during subsequent years. ''Cambarus'' remain relatively inactive during periods of molting, as the shedding of
chitinous Chitin ( C8 H13 O5 N)n ( ) is a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is probably the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chiti ...
exoskeleton An exoskeleton (from Greek ''éxō'' "outer" and ''skeletós'' "skeleton") is an external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to an internal skeleton ( endoskeleton) in for example, a human. In usage, some of the ...
s leaves them more vulnerable to predation and injury. Many species of ''Cambarus'' continue to grow well into
adult An adult is a human or other animal that has reached full growth. In human context, the term ''adult'' has meanings associated with social and legal concepts. In contrast to a "minor", a legal adult is a person who has attained the age of ...
hood.


Reproduction

''Cambarus'' typically mate in the early spring. Both ''
Cambarus bartonii ''Cambarus bartonii'' is a species of crayfish native to eastern North America, where it is called the common crayfish or Appalachian brook crayfish. ''C. bartonii'' was the first crayfish to be described from North America, when Johan Christia ...
'' and '' Cambarus robustus'' only mate once during their three-year life span, with females of both carrying fewer eggs than those of the genus ''
Orconectes ''Orconectes'' is a genus of cave dwelling freshwater crayfish, endemic to suitable habitats in the eastern United States. Surface dwelling species, formerly categorised here, were moved to '' Faxonius'' in 2017. Due to their subterranean habi ...
''.


Gallery


Classification

The genus ''Cambarus'' contains around 100 species, many of which are listed on the
IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ...
. Species in the genus were formerly divided among 12
subgenera In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed betwee ...
. In a 2017 study, these subgenera were found to lack any phylogenetic validity and were therefore eliminated. *''
Cambarus aculabrum ''Cambarus aculabrum'' is a rare species of cave-dwelling crayfish known by the common name Benton county cave crayfish. – Benton County cave crayfish, cave crayfish *''
Cambarus acuminatus ''Cambarus acuminatus'', the acuminate crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in eastern North America. Taxonomy ''Cambarus acuminatus'' was first described in 1884 by Walter Faxon, then a curator of the Inverte ...
'' Faxon, 1884 - Acuminate Crayfish *''
Cambarus adustus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Thoma, Fetzner, Stocker and Loughman, 2016 - Dusky Mudbug *''
Cambarus aldermanorum ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' J. E. Cooper and Price, 2010 *''
Cambarus andersoni ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Jones and Eversole, 2015 *''
Cambarus angularis ''Cambarus angularis'', the angled crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawdad ...
'' Hobbs & R. W. Bouchard, 1994 *'' Cambarus appalachiensis'' Loughman, Welsh and Thoma, 2017 *''
Cambarus asperimanus ''Cambarus asperimanus'', the mitten crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawd ...
'' Faxon, 1914 *''
Cambarus bartonii ''Cambarus bartonii'' is a species of crayfish native to eastern North America, where it is called the common crayfish or Appalachian brook crayfish. ''C. bartonii'' was the first crayfish to be described from North America, when Johan Christia ...
'' (Fabricius, 1798) – Appalachian Brook Crayfish *''
Cambarus batchi ''Cambarus batchi'', the bluegrass crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Kentucky, known as the "Bluegrass State" which lead to the common name. The IUCN conservation status of ''Cambarus batchi'' is "L ...
'' Schuster, 1973 – bluegrass crayfish *''
Cambarus bouchardi ''Cambarus bouchardi'', the Big South Fork crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Cons ...
'' Hobbs, 1970 – Big South Fork crayfish *''
Cambarus brachydactylus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs, 1953 *''
Cambarus brimleyorum ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Cooper, 2006 *''
Cambarus buntingi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' R. W. Bouchard, 1973 – Bunting crayfish *''
Cambarus callainus The Big Sandy crayfish, ''Cambarus callainus'', are freshwater, tertiary burrowing crustaceans of the family Cambaridae. They are found in the streams and rivers of Appalachia in Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, in what is known as the ...
'' Thoma, Loughman & Fetzner, 2014  *''
Cambarus carinirostris ''Cambarus carinirostris'', the rock crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawd ...
'' Hay, 1914 – Rock Crayfish *''
Cambarus carolinus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' (Erichson, 1846) *''
Cambarus catagius ''Cambarus catagius'', the Greensboro burrowing crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, cray ...
'' Hobbs & Perkins, 1967 – Greensboro Burrowing Crayfish *''
Cambarus causeyi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Reimer, 1966 *''
Cambarus chasmodactylus ''Cambarus chasmodactylus,'' commonly called the New River Crayfish, is a species of crayfish endemic to the New River drainage system References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4477031 Cambaridae Crustaceans described in 1966 ...
'' James, 1966 – New River crayfish *''
Cambarus chaugaensis ''Cambarus chaugaensis'', the Chauga crayfish or Chauga River crayfish is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to the Carolinas in the United States of America. The common and scientific names refer to the Chauga River ...
'' Prins & Hobbs, 1972 – Chauga crayfish *''
Cambarus clairitae ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Schuster and Taylor, 2016 *''
Cambarus clivosus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Taylor, Soucek & Organ, 2006 *''
Cambarus conasaugaensis ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Hobbs & Hobbs III, 1962 *''
Cambarus coosae ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 *''
Cambarus coosawattae ''Cambarus coosawattae'', the Coosawattae crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Georgia. The common name refers to the Coosawattee River, with the original specimens being collected in the Cartecay River ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Coosawattae crayfish *''
Cambarus cracens ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' R. W. Bouchard & Hobbs, 1976 *''
Cambarus crinipes ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' R. W. Bouchard, 1973 *''
Cambarus cryptodytes ''Cambarus cryptodytes'', the Dougherty Plain cave crayfish or Apalachicola cave crayfish, is a small, freshwater crayfish endemic to Florida and Georgia in the United States. It is an underground species known only from waters associated with th ...
'' Hobbs, 1941 – Dougherty Plain cave crayfish *''
Cambarus cumberlandensis ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs & R. W. Bouchard, 1973 – Cumberland crayfish *''
Cambarus cymatilis ''Cambarus cymatilis'', the Conasauga blue burrower is a species of burrowing crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is native to Tennessee and Georgia in the United States. The common name refers to the Conasauga River The Conasauga River is a ...
'' Hobbs, 1970 *''
Cambarus davidi ''Cambarus davidi'', also known as the Carolina ladle crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish ...
'' J. E. Cooper, 2000 – Carolina Ladle Crayfish *''
Cambarus deweesae ''Cambarus deweesae'', the valley flame crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in Kentucky and Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern reg ...
'' R. W. Bouchard & Etnier, 1979 – Valley Flame Crayfish *''
Cambarus distans ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Rhoades, 1944 – boxclaw crawfish *''
Cambarus diupalma ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Jones and Eversole, 2015 *''
Cambarus doughertyensis ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Cooper & Skelton, 2003 - Dougherty Burrowing Crayfish *'' Cambarus dubius'' Faxon, 1884 – upland burrowing crayfish *''
Cambarus ectopistes ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Loughman & Williams, 2021 *''
Cambarus eeseeohensis ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Thoma, 2005 *''
Cambarus elkensis ''Cambarus elkensis'', the Elk River crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservati ...
'' Jezerinac & Stocker, 1993 – Elk River crayfish *''
Cambarus englishi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs & Hall, 1972 *''
Cambarus extraneus ''Cambarus extraneus'', the Chickamauga crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, cr ...
'' Hagen, 1870 – Chickamauga crayfish *''
Cambarus fasciatus ''Cambarus fasciatus'', the Etowah crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Etowah crayfish *''
Cambarus friaufi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs, 1953 – hairy crayfish *''
Cambarus gentryi ''Cambarus gentryi'', the linear cobalt crayfish, is small burrowing species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae, notable for its blue carapace A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number ...
'' Hobbs, 1970 *''
Cambarus georgiae ''Cambarus georgiae'', the Little Tennessee crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in Georgia and North Carolina. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially Internationa ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Little Tennessee crayfish *''
Cambarus girardianus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Faxon, 1884 *''
Cambarus graysoni ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Faxon, 1914 – Two-spot Crayfish *''
Cambarus guenteri ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Loughman, Henkanaththegedara, Fetzner and Thoma, 2017 *''
Cambarus halli ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs, 1968 *''
Cambarus hamulatus ''Cambarus hamulatus'', the prickly cave crayfish, is a freshwater crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, c ...
'' (Cope, 1881) *''
Cambarus harti ''Cambarus harti'', the Piedmont blue burrower, is a species of burrowing crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Georgia in the United States. The common name refers to the Piedmont plateau region. The IUCN The International ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Piedmont Blue Burrower *''
Cambarus hatfeildi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Z. J. Loughman, 2013 *''
Cambarus hazardi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Loughman, Henkanaththegedara, Fetzner and Thoma, 2017 *''
Cambarus hiwasseensis ''Cambarus hiwasseensis'', the Hiwassee crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conserv ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Hiwassee crayfish *''
Cambarus hobbsorum ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' J. E. Cooper, 2001 – Rocky River crayfish *''
Cambarus howardi ''Cambarus howardi'', the Chattahoochee crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The common name refers to the Chattahoochee River, where the first specimens were collected. The IUCN The Int ...
'' Hobbs & Hall, 1969 – Chattahoochee Crayfish *''
Cambarus hubbsi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Creaser, 1931 *''
Cambarus hubrichti ''Cambarus hubrichti'' is a species of decapoda in the family Cambaridae. The species goes by the common name Salem cave crayfish. It is generally an omnivorous species. But, since green plants are scarce in caves it usually eats a proportion ...
'' Hobbs, 1952 – Salem cave crayfish *''
Cambarus hystricosus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Cooper & Cooper, 2003 *''
Cambarus jezerinaci ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Thoma, 2000 *''
Cambarus johni ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Cooper, 2006 *''
Cambarus jonesi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Hobbs & Barr, 1960 – Alabama cave crayfish *''
Cambarus laconensis ''Cambarus laconensis'', the Lacon Exit cave crayfish, is a small, freshwater crayfish endemic to northern Alabama in the United States. It is an underground species known only from a single cave along the southern border of the Highland Rim The ...
'' Buhay & Crandall, 2009  - Lacon Exit Cave Crayfish *''
Cambarus latimanus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' (Le Conte, 1856) *''
Cambarus lenati ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' J. E. Cooper, 2000 – Broad River Crayfish *''
Cambarus lentiginosus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Jones and Eversole, 2016 *''
Cambarus longirostris ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Faxon, 1885 *''
Cambarus longulus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Girard, 1852 *''
Cambarus loughmani ''Cambarus loughmani'', the blue Teays mudbug, is a species of burrowing crayfish endemic to the pre-glacial Teays River Valley in West Virginia. The species was previously considered to be part of the Cambarus dubius ''Cambarus'' is a lar ...
'' Foltz II ''et al.'', 2018 - Blue Teays mudbug *''
Cambarus maculatus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs & Pflieger, 1988 – freckled crayfish *''
Cambarus magerae ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Thoma and Fetzner, 2015 *''
Cambarus manningi ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 *''
Cambarus monongalensis ''Cambarus monongalensis'', the blue crayfish or Monongahela crayfish, is a species of burrowing crayfish native to Pennsylvania and West Virginia. It has also been found recently in Ohio. The common name refers to the Monongahela River, with ...
'' Ortmann, 1905 *''
Cambarus nerterius ''Cambarus nerterius'', the Greenbrier cave crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, ...
'' Hobbs, 1964 – Greenbrier cave crayfish *''
Cambarus nodosus ''Cambarus nodosus'' is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural R ...
'' R. W. Bouchard & Hobbs, 1976 *''
Cambarus obeyensis ''Cambarus obeyensis'', the Obey crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of ...
'' Hobbs & Shoup, 1947 – Obey crayfish *''
Cambarus obstipus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hall, 1959 *''
Cambarus ortmanni ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Williamson, 1907 – Ortmann mudbug *''
Cambarus parrishi ''Cambarus parrishi'', the Hiwassee headwaters crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, crayd ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Hiwassee headwater crayfish *''
Cambarus parvoculus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Hobbs & Shoup, 1947 – mountain midget crayfish *'' Cambarus pauleyi'' Loughman, Thoma, Fetzner and Stocker, 2015 *''
Cambarus pecki ''Cambarus pecki'' (formerly ''Procambarus pecki''), sometimes called the phantom cave crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Alabama where it is found in three unconnected caves in the Tennessee Rive ...
'' (Hobbs, 1967)  - phantom cave crayfish *''
Cambarus polypilosus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Loughman & Williams, 2018 *''
Cambarus pristinus ''Cambarus pristinus'', the pristine crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the Uni ...
'' Hobbs, 1965 – pristine crayfish *''
Cambarus pyronotus ''Cambarus pyronotus'', the fireback crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawd ...
'' R. W. Bouchard, 1978 – fireback crayfish *''
Cambarus reburrus ''Cambarus reburrus'', the French Broad crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th l ...
'' Prins, 1968 – French Broad crayfish *''
Cambarus reduncus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs, 1956 *''
Cambarus reflexus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 *'' Cambarus robustus'' Girard, 1852 – big water crayfish *''
Cambarus rusticiformis ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Rhoades, 1944 – Depression crayfish *'' Cambarus sciotensis'' Rhoades, 1944 – Teays River crayfish *''
Cambarus scotti ''Cambarus scotti'', the Chattooga River Crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Alabama and Georgia. The common name refers to the Chattooga River. The original specimens were collected from Clarks Cree ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Chattooga crayfish *''
Cambarus setosus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Faxon, 1889 – bristly cave crayfish *''
Cambarus smilax ''Cambarus smilax'', the Greenbrier crayfish, is a crayfish in the order Decapoda, family Cambaridae, genus Cambarus. It is most closely related to ''Cambarus robustus''. It is endemic to the Greenbrier River watershed in Pocahontas, Greenbrie ...
'' Loughman, Simon, and Welch, 2011 – Greenbrier crayfish *''
Cambarus speciosus ''Cambarus speciosus'', the beautiful crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. sta ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 *''
Cambarus speleocoopi ''Cambarus speleocoopi'', the Sweet Home Alabama cave crayfish, is a small, freshwater crayfish endemic to Marshall County, Alabama Marshall County is a county of the state of Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was ...
'' Buhay & Crandall, 2009  - Sweet Home Alabama Crayfish *''
Cambarus sphenoides ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hobbs, 1968 *'' Cambarus spicatus'' Hobbs, 1956 *''
Cambarus stockeri ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Thoma, 2011 *''
Cambarus striatus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Hay, 1902 – Hay Crayfish *''
Cambarus strigosus ''Cambarus strigosus'', the lean crayfish, is a species of crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawdaddi ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 *''
Cambarus subterraneus ''Cambarus subterraneus'', the Delaware County cave crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It has been found only in three caves in Delaware County, Oklahoma. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature ...
'' Hobbs III, 1993 – Delaware County cave crayfish *''
Cambarus tartarus ''Cambarus tartarus'', the Oklahoma cave crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conser ...
'' Hobbs & M. R. Cooper, 1972 – Oklahoma cave crayfish *''
Cambarus taylori ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Loughman, Henkanaththegedara, Fetzner and Thoma, 2017 *''
Cambarus tenebrosus ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Hay, 1902 – cavespring crayfish *''
Cambarus theepiensis ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the sec ...
'' Loughman, Foltz, Garrison and Welsh, 2013 *''
Cambarus truncatus ''Cambarus truncatus'', the Oconee burrowing crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Co ...
'' Hobbs, 1981 – Oconee Burrowing Crayfish *''
Cambarus tuckasegee ''Cambarus'' is a large and diverse genus of crayfish from the United States and Canada. The adults range in size from about 5 centimeters (2 in) up to approximately 15 centimeters (6 in). Description The genus ''Cambarus'' is the se ...
'' Cooper & Schofield, 2002 *'' Cambarus unestami'' Hobbs & Hall, 1969 *''
Cambarus veitchorum ''Cambarus veitchorum'', the White Spring cave crayfish, is a small, freshwater crayfish endemism, endemic to Limestone County, Alabama in the United States. It is a cave-dwelling species known from only one cave, the White Spring Cave. It is c ...
'' J. E. Cooper & M. R. Cooper, 1997 – White Spring cave crayfish *''
Cambarus veteranus The Guyandotte River crayfish (''Cambarus veteranus'') is a species of crayfish found in a small stream system in Wyoming County, West Virginia, US. They are closely related to the Big Sandy crayfish, and until recently, the two were thought to ...
'' Faxon, 1914 – Big Sandy crayfish *''
Cambarus williami ''Cambarus williami'', the Brawleys Fork crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Tennessee. The IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conser ...
'' R. W. Bouchard & J. W. Bouchard, 1995 – Brawleys Fork crayfish *''
Cambarus zophonastes ''Cambarus zophanastes'', also known as the Hell Creek Cave Crayfish, is named for its original location of discovery, Hell Creek Cave. It is also found in other similar habitats in Stone County and Marion County, Arkansas. These habitats i ...
'' Hobbs & Bedinger, 1964 – cave crayfish, Hell Creek cave crayfish


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q309206 Cambaridae Freshwater crustaceans of North America Decapod genera Taxa named by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson