''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s in the bindweed family

Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several spec ...

. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of the species

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the ...

. They are annual or

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition ...

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

twining

vine A vine ( Latin ''vīnea'' "grapevine", "vineyard", from ''vīnum'' "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners thems ...

s growing 1–5 m tall, with spirally arranged leaves. The

flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism ...

s are trumpet-shaped, 3–10 cm diameter, white or pink, with (in most species) a sometimes inflated basal epicalyx. The genus bears much similarity to a related genus '' Convolvulus'', and is sometimes combined with it; it is distinguished primarily by the

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametop ...

being smooth, and in the

ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the bod ...

being unilocular. Some of the species, notably '' Calystegia sepium'' and '' C. silvatica'', are problematic

weed A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place", or a plant growing where it is not wanted.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. ...

s, which can swamp other more valuable plants by climbing over them, but some are also deliberately grown for their attractive

s. ''Calystegia'' species are eaten by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Th ...

e of some Lepidoptera species including ''

Bedellia somnulentella ''Bedellia somnulentella'', the sweet potato leaf miner, is a moth in the family Bedelliidae. Description The wingspan is 8–10 mm. The larvae feed on '' Calystegia pubescens'', ''Calystegia sepium'', ''Convolvulus althaeoides'', ''Convo ...

'' (recorded on ''C. sepium'') and small angle shades. The name is derived from two Greek words ''kalyx'' or ''kalux'', "cup", and ''stege'', "a covering", meaning "a covering cup", this refers to the large bracts that cover the sepals.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Calystegia'': *'' Calystegia affinis'' *'' Calystegia atriplicifolia'' – nightblooming false bindweed *'' Calystegia binghamiae'' *'' Calystegia brummittii'' *'' Calystegia catesbiana'' – Catesby's false bindweed *'' Calystegia collina'' – Coast Range false bindweed *'' Calystegia felix'' *'' Calystegia hederacea'' – Japanese false bindweed *''

Calystegia × howittiorum ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half o ...

'' *''

Calystegia × krauseana ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of ...

'' *''

Calystegia longipes ''Calystegia longipes'' is a species of morning glory known by the common name Paiute false bindweed. It is native to the southwestern United States from California to Utah, where it grows in many types of habitat. Description It is a woody per ...

'' – Paiute false bindweed, plateau morning glory *''

Calystegia × lucana ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half o ...

'' *''

Calystegia macaunii ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half o ...

'' – Macoun's false bindweed *''

Calystegia macrostegia ''Calystegia macrostegia'', with the common names island false bindweed and island morning glory, is a species of morning glory in the family Convolvulaceae. Distribution The plant is native to California coastal sage and chaparral habitats, ...

'' – island false bindweed *''

Calystegia malacophylla ''Calystegia malacophylla'' is a species of morning glory known by the common name Sierra false bindweed . It is endemic to California, where it grows in several of the mountain ranges, including the Central Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada. ...

'' – sierra false bindweed *'' Calystegia marginata'' – small-flowered white bindweed New Zealand *''

Calystegia × melnikovae ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half o ...

'' *'' Calystegia occidentalis'' – chaparral false bindweed *''

Calystegia peirsonii ''Calystegia peirsonii'' is a species of morning glory known by the common name Peirson's false bindweed. It is endemic to Los Angeles County, California, occurring at the junction of the San Gabriel Mountains and the Mojave Desert in the vicin ...

'' – Peirson's false bindweed *''

Calystegia pellita ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half o ...

'' – hairy false bindweed *''

Calystegia pubescens ''Calystegia pubescens'', commonly known as Japanese bindweed, is a species of bindweed Bindweed may refer to: * Some species of Convolvulaceae (bindweed family or morning glory family): ** ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, morning glo ...

'' *''

Calystegia × pulchra ''Calystegia'' × ''pulchra'', commonly known as hairy bindweed, is a species of morning glory. It is a climbing plant that may exceed three meters in height. The bright pink corolla may be 5 to 7 centimeters and has distinct white stripes. This ...

'' – hairy bindweed *''

Calystegia purpurata ''Calystegia purpurata'' is a species of morning glory known by the common names smooth Western morning glory or Pacific false bindweed. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the seaside scrub of the coastline and the chaparral of the ...

'' – Pacific false bindweed *''

Calystegia × scania ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half o ...

'' *'' Calystegia sepium'' – large bindweed, hedge bindweed, bearbind, hedgebell (

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

) *'' Calystegia silvatica'' – great bindweed, shortstalk bindweed *'' Calystegia soldanella'' – sea bindweed, seashore false bindweed, beach morning glory *''

Calystegia spithamaea Calystegia spithamaea, which common names include: low false bindweed, low bindweed, erect bindweed, and upright bindweed, is a species of plant found in eastern North America. Conservation status in the United States It is listed as threatened ...

'' – low false bindweed, upright bindweed *'' Calystegia stebbinsii'' – Stebbins' false bindweed, Stebbins' morning glory *''

Calystegia subacaulis ''Calystegia subacaulis'' is a species of morning glory known by the common name hillside false bindweed. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the North and Central California Coast Ranges and the San Francisco Bay Area, in woodland a ...

'' – hillside false bindweed *'' Calystegia tuguriorum'' – New Zealand bindweed, pōuwhiwhi, pōwhiwhi, rarotawake Pōuwhiwhi_(Calystegia_tuguriorum)

*''

Calystegia vanzuukiae ''Calystegia'' (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half o ...

'' File:DSCM1934_Helix_Zaunwinde.jpg File:Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe (8595873042).jpg, '' Calystegia sepium'' ( van Houtte, L., 1853)

References

Flora of China: ''Calystegia''

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q149312 Convolvulaceae genera Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)