''Calycadenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family

Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...

, known commonly as the western rosinweeds.''Calycadenia''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). They are native to

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

, especially around the Central Valley.Carr, G
''Calycadenia''.
Department of Botany. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. The ranges of two species ''( C. fremontii + C. truncata)'' do extend north into

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

.''Calycadenia''.
The Jepson eFlora 2013.

Description

These are annual herbs variable in size from just a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are

aroma An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive v ...

tic. The leaves are

alternate Alternative or alternate may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Alternative (''Kamen Rider''), a character in the Japanese TV series ''Kamen Rider Ryuki'' * Alternative comics, or independent comics are an alternative to mainstream superh ...

ly arranged except in '' C. oppositifolia'', in which they are

opposite In lexical semantics, opposites are words lying in an inherently incompatible binary relationship. For example, something that is ''even'' entails that it is not ''odd''. It is referred to as a 'binary' relationship because there are two members i ...

. The leaves are narrow and linear in shape, resembling

grass Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and spe ...

leaves. They sometimes have slightly toothed edges.

Flower heads A pseudanthium (; : pseudanthia) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, composite flowers ...

are solitary or borne in open arrays or clusters in the leaf

axils A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, f ...

. The peduncles that hold the

flower heads A pseudanthium (; : pseudanthia) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, composite flowers ...

have

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves in size, color, shape or texture. They also lo ...

s with one or more tack-shaped glands. The head usually has one or more

phyllaries In botanical terminology, a phyllary, also known an involucral bract or tegule, is a single bract of the involucre of a composite flower. The involucre is the grouping of bracts together. Phyllaries are reduced leaf-like structures that form one o ...

stuck to the

ray florets Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fa ...

; these often have similar tack-shaped

glands A gland is a Cell (biology), cell or an Organ (biology), organ in an animal's body that produces and secretes different substances that the organism needs, either into the bloodstream or into a body cavity or outer surface. A gland may also funct ...

. There are one to six

on the head, each with 3 lobes at the tip. They are white, cream, pink, or yellow, and some have a dark red spot near the base. There are up to 25

disc floret Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fa ...

s in shades of white, cream, pink, or yellow, with

anthers The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filamen ...

that are usually purple or black, sometimes yellow or brown. The fruit is an angular cypsela. Fruits from the

disc flower Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fam ...

s usually have

pappi In Asteraceae, the pappus is the modified calyx_(botany), calyx, the part of an individual floret, that surrounds the base of the petal, corolla tube in flower. It functions as a dispersal mechanism for the achenes that contain the seeds. In ...

made up of several scales.''Calycadenia''.
Flora of North America. The

gland A gland is a Cell (biology), cell or an Organ (biology), organ in an animal's body that produces and secretes different substances that the organism needs, either into the bloodstream or into a body cavity or outer surface. A gland may also funct ...

-dotted bracts on the peduncles are a distinguishing character of the genus. The name ''Calycadenia'' comes from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

''calyx'' ("cup") and ''aden'' ("gland"), and references the tack-shaped glands on these bracts and the phyllaries.

Biology

Most of the species are self-incompatible. The biology of the genus is variable; several species have races that differ in

chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...

count but not much in

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

, while several others have races that are different in morphology but all have the same chromosome count.

Species

;Species * '' Calycadenia fremontii'' – Frémont's western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia hooveri'' – Hoover's western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia micrantha'' – small-flowered calycadenia * '' Calycadenia mollis'' – soft western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia multiglandulosa'' – sticky western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia oppositifolia'' – Butte County western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia pauciflora'' – smallflower western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia spicata'' – spiked western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia truncata'' – Oregon western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia villosa'' – dwarf western rosinweed ;formerly includedThe Plant List, ''Calycadenia tenella'' (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray
/ref> * '' Calycadenia tenella'' Torr. & A. Gray, see '' Osmadenia tenella'' Nutt.

References

External links

*
''Calycadenia''.
United States Department of Agriculture plants profiles {{Taxonbar, from=Q2464862 Asteraceae genera Flora of the Western United States