The Calpinae are a subfamily of

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of ...

s in the family Erebidae described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1840. This subfamily includes many species of moths that have a pointed and barbed

proboscis A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elonga ...

adapted to piercing the skins of fruit to feed on juice, and in the case of the several '' Calyptra'' species of vampire moths, to piercing the skins of mammals to feed on blood. The subfamily contains some large moths with wingspans longer than 5 cm (2 in).

Taxonomy

Recent

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

studies have greatly revised this subfamily. The subfamily was previously classified within the

Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the othe ...

, but the redefinition of that family has reclassified many of that family's subfamilies, including Calpinae, into the family Erebidae. The Calpinae are most closely related to a clade including the subfamilies Eulepidotinae and Hypocalinae, which are also among the Erebidae. The tribes

Anomini The Anomini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Genera *''Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , Larg ...

and

Scoliopterygini The Scoliopterygini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Genera *'' Ossonoba'' *''Scoliopteryx ''Scoliopteryx'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1810. Species * ''Scoliopt ...

, previously included in the Calpinae, were found to be distantly related and were reclassified into a separate subfamily as the Scoliopteryginae.

Tribes

The Calpinae consist of three

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

tribes. * Calpini * Ophiderini *

Phyllodini The Phyllodini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Taxonomy The Phyllodini are thought to be one of the two clades comprising the Calpinae, with the other clade containing the tribes Calpini and Ophiderini. Genera The following genera ...

Previous taxonomy

The status of the former composition of the Calpinae was somewhat disputed; it was sometimes merged into the Catocalinae. Most of the calpine genera were not further classified. The

structure of this group was essentially unresolved, and in many cases it was even doubtful whether the genera were indeed correctly placed in this subfamily. Tribe Calpini * ''

Africalpe ''Africalpe'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth ...

'' Krüger, 1939 * '' Calyptra'' Ochsenheimer, 1816 * '' Eudocima'' Billberg, 1820 * ''

Ferenta ''Ferenta'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth g ...

'' Walker, 1858 * ''

Gonodonta ''Gonodonta'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1818. Species * '' Gonodonta aequalis'' Walker, 1857 * '' Gonodonta aeratilinea'' Todd, 1973 * '' Gonodonta amianta'' Hampson, 1924 * '' Gonodon ...

'' Hübner, 1818 * ''

Graphigona ''Graphigona'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by Francis Walker in 1857. Its only species, ''Graphigona regina'', was first described by Achille Guenée Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 ...

'' Walker, 1858 * ''

Oraesia ''Oraesia'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 December 1880) was a French lawyer and entomologist. Biography Achille Guenée wa ...

'' Boisduval & Guenée, 1852 * ''

Plusiodonta ''Plusiodonta'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Description Palpi upturned, where the second joint roughly scaled and reaching vertex of head or above it. Thorax and abdomen slender without tufts. F ...

'' Boisduval & Guenée, 1852 * ''

Tetrisia ''Tetrisia'' is a genus of shield bugs belonging to the family Plataspidae Plataspidae (Emendation (taxonomy), emended by some later authors as "Plataspididae", in violation of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN Code Article 29 ...

'' Walker, 1867 Tribe Gonopterini * ''

Scoliopteryx ''Scoliopteryx'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1810. Species * ''Scoliopteryx libatrix The herald (''Scoliopteryx libatrix'') is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was ...

'' Genera ''incertae sedis'' * ''

Cecharismena ''Cecharismena'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Möschler in 1890. Taxonomy The genus has previously been classified in the subfamily Phytometrinae within Erebidae or in the subfamily Calpinae of the family ...

'' Möschler, 1890 * ''

Culasta The genus ''Calyptra'' is a group of moths in subfamily Calpinae of the family Erebidae. They are a member of the Calpini tribe, whose precise circumscription is uncertain but which includes a number of other fruit-piercing or eye-frequenting ge ...

'' Moore, 1881 * ''

Euryschema ''Euryschema'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known m ...

'' Turner, 1925 * ''

Epicyrtica ''Epicyrtica'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because man ...

'' Turner, 1908 * '' Goniapteryx'' Perty, 1833 * ''

Hemiceratoides ''Hemiceratoides'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macr ...

'' Strand, 1911 * ''

Pharga ''Pharga'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1863. Taxonomy The genus was previously classified in the subfamily Calpinae of the family Noctuidae. Species *'' Pharga barbara'' Schaus, 1915 R ...

'' Walker, 1863 * '' Phyprosopus'' Grote, 1872 * '' Psammathodoxa'' Dyar, 1921 * ''

Radara ''Radara'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1862. Species *'' Radara helcida'' (Viette, 1961) Madagascar *'' Radara infundens'' (Walker, 863 Borneo *'' Radara prunescens'' (Hampson, 1902) so ...

'' Walker, 1862 Genera provisionally placed here (incomplete list); includes taxa sometimes separated in Ophiderinae

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2934400 Calpinae Moth subfamilies