''Caloplaca marina'', the orange sea lichen, is a

crustose Crustose is a Habit (biology), habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. ''Crustose'' adheres very closely to the Substrate (biology), substrates at all poin ...

, placodioid

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...

. It has wide distribution, and can be found near the shore on rocks or walls. Calos in Greek means nice, placa in Greek is shield. Caloplaca therefore means ‘beautiful patches’.

Taxonomy

Synonyms are ''Caloplaca marina f. flavogranulata'' Wedd., (1875); ''Caloplaca marina var. flavogranulata'' (Wedd.) Zahlbr; ''Gasparrinia marina'' (Wedd.) Hav., (1936); and ''Placodium lobulatum''

Description

The vegetative body of the lichen, the thallus, is orange or orange-red in colour and may be continuous or fragmented. When fragmented the thallus looks lumpy under a hand lens; when continuous it is areolate and the margins may be ill-defined with almost no lobes; it is never powdery or pruinose. A light coloured prothallus may be visible in well-developed specimens.

Apothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. As ...

are small and either scattered through the thallus or grouped in small clusters; diameters rarely greater than 0.8 mm. The orange disc (a deeper colour than the thallus) surface is concave initially but matures to convex; the apothecium rim also narrows giving the effect that the convex disc is spilling over it.

Habitat and distribution

''Caloplaca marina'' is found on coastal rocks from calcareous to high silica rich types (HS). It is characteristically found in the mesic supralittoral zone or above ''Verrucaria maura'' (tar lichens). It can be distinguished from the superficially similar '' C. thallincola'' by its lack of well-defined thalline lobes. It is distributed along the coastline throughout the Scottish mainland and islands, Ireland, England and Wales. It is also found throughout Atlantic Europe; English Channel; North Sea; and North West Europe. ''Caloplaca marina'' is tolerant of sea spray and brief immersion in seawater.

Pollution tolerance

''Caloplaca marina'' is at first unaffected by oil spills and cleaning, but dies off within twelve months. It quickly recolonises areas of local extinction.Monitoring with Lichens.
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References

External links

Species InformationWikispecies
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q5023250

marina A marina (from Spanish , Portuguese and Italian : "related to the sea") is a dock or basin with moorings and supplies for yachts and small boats. A marina differs from a port in that a marina does not handle large passenger ships or cargo ...