Biblidinae is a subfamily of

nymphalid The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a redu ...

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises t ...

that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the

Limenitidinae The Limenitidinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes the admirals and relatives. The common names of many species and genera reference military ranks or – namely the Adoliadini – titles of nobility (e.g., count, duke, earl ...

, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae. As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bi ...

, but there are some Old World species and genera in the tribes Biblidini and Epicaliini.

Systematics

The Biblidinae are a taxonomically stable

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

group, at least since the " wastebin genus" ''

Catagramma ''"Catagramma"'' is an obsolete genus of Neotropical butterflies; the name continues to be used e.g. among butterfly collectors as a form taxon. ''"Catagramma"'' species are popularly known as 88s, in reference to a pattern on the hindwing und ...

'' was dismantled around 1950. The tribes, in the presumed

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

sequence and with notable genera also listed here, are: The higher classification of Nymphalidae, at Nymphalidae.net
/ref> Biblidini Boisduval, 1833 * ''

Biblis Biblis is a municipality in the Bergstraße district in southern Hessen, Germany. Geography Location The municipality lies in the Rhine rift west of the Odenwald between Darmstadt to the north and Mannheim to the south; it also lies north of B ...

'' Fabricius, 1807 (= ''Zonaga'') * ''

Ariadne Ariadne (; grc-gre, Ἀριάδνη; la, Ariadne) was a Cretan princess in Greek mythology. She was mostly associated with mazes and labyrinths because of her involvement in the myths of the Minotaur and Theseus. She is best known for havin ...

'' Horsfield, 1829 (= ''Ergolis'') * '' Laringa'' Moore, 1901 * ''

Eurytela ''Eurytela'' is a genus of nymphalid butterfly, commonly called pipers, found in Africa.

'' Boisduval, 1833 * ''

Neptidopsis ''Neptidopsis'' is a genus of nymphalid butterflies found in Africa, commonly called false sailers or sailors.Mesoxantha'' Aurivillius, 1898 * '' Byblia'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Hypanis'' Boisduval, 1833 (''non'' Pander in Menetries, 1832:

preoccupied The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...

)) * ''

Mestra In Greek mythology, Mestra ( grc, Μήστρα, ''Mēstra'') was a daughter of Erysichthon of Thessaly. Antoninus Liberalis called Mestra as Hypermestra while Erysichthon as Aethon. Family Mestra was the mother of King Eurypylus of Cos by Pose ...

'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Cystineura'') * '' Archimestra'' Munroe, 1949 * '' Vila'' Kirby, 1871 (= ''Lonia'', ''Neptis'' Hübner, 1819 (''non'' Fabricius, 1807:

), ''Olina'' Doubleday, 1848 (''non'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830:

)) Epicaliini Guenée, 1865 * '' Catonephele'' Hübner,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 ( DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen.Rogers, B ...

/small> * ''

Nessaea ''Nessaea'' is a genus of nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Unlike virtually all other butterflies with blue coloration, the blue colors in this genus are due to pigmentation terobilin (biliverdin IXγ)ref>Doug Taron"It's all ...

'' Hübner,

/small> * ''

Myscelia ''Myscelia'' is a genus of nymphalid butterflies found in southern North America, Central America, and northern South America. – blackened bluewing * ''Myscelia cyaniris'' Doubleday, 848/small> – blue wave, blue-banded purplewing, tropical bl ...

'' Doubleday, 1844 (= ''Sagaritis'' Hübner, 1821 (''non'' Billberg, 1820:

), ''Sea'') * ''

Sevenia ''Sevenia'', commonly called tree nymphs, is a genus of forest butterflies in the family Nymphalidae that, as larvae, feed on plants of the family Euphorbiaceae. There are fourteen species from continental Africa and two (or three) species from ...

'' Koçak, 1996 (= ''Crenis'' Boisduval, 1833 (''non'' Hübner, 1821:

), ''Sallya'' Hemming, 1964 (''non'' Yochelson, 1956:

)) * ''

Eunica ''Eunica'' is a genus of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Species The genus contains the following species, listed alphabetically:819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 ( DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen.Rogers, B ...

/small> * ''

Cybdelis ''Cybdelis'' is a nymphalid butterfly genus found in South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the ...

'' Boisduval, 1836 Ageroniini Doubleday, 1847 * '' Hamadryas'' – cracker butterflies, calico butterflies * ''

Ectima ''Ectima'' is a brush-footed butterfly The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to l ...

'' Doubleday, 1848 * ''

Panacea In Greek mythology, Panacea (Greek ''Πανάκεια'', Panakeia), a goddess of universal remedy, was the daughter of Asclepius and Epione. Panacea and her four sisters each performed a facet of Apollo's art: * Panacea (the goddess of universa ...

'' Godman & Salvin, 1883 (= ''Pandora'' Doubleday, 1848 (''non'' Lamarck, 1799:

)) * ''

Batesia ''Batesia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. It ...

'' Felder & Felder, 1862 Epiphilini Jenkins, 1987 * '' Asterope'' Hübner,

/small> * '' Pyrrhogyra'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Corybas'') * ''

Epiphile ''Epiphile'' is a genus of banners in the butterfly family Nymphalidae. There are about 19 described species in ''Epiphile''. Species These 19 species belong to the genus ''Epiphile'': * '' Epiphile adrasta'' Hewitson, 1861 (common banner) * ...

'' Doubleday, 1844 * '' Lucinia'' Hübner, 1823 (= ''Autodea'') * '' Bolboneura'' Godman & Salvin, 1877 * ''

Temenis ''Temenis'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, it consists of three species. It was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Members of the genus ''Temenis'' are found throughout Central and South America. Description The genu ...

'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Callicorina'', ''Paromia'' Hewitson, 1861 (''non'' Westwood, 1851:

)) * ''

Nica Nica or NICA may refer to: * Nīca, a village in Latvia * Nica, the name in some languages of Nice, a French city * Nica is an adjective which may refer to: ** Nicaragua ** Nicaraguan people * Nica Airlines, an alternate name for Nicaragüense de ...

'' Hübner, 1826 (= ''Pseudonica'') * '' Peria'' Kirby, 1871 (= ''Pelia'' Doubleday, 1849 (''non'' Bell, 1836:

)) Eubagini Burmeister, 1878 * '' Dynamine'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Arisba'', ''Eubagis'', ''Sironia'') Callicorini Orfila, 1952 – eighty-eights and relatives * ''

Diaethria ''Diaethria'' is a brush-footed butterfly genus found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Mexico to Paraguay. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights like the related genera '' Callicore'' and ''Perisama'', in reference to th ...

'' Billberg, 1820 * ''

Callicore ''Callicore'' is a genus of nymphalid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the paraphyletic ''Catagramma'' assemblage. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-ei ...

'' Hübner,

/small> * '' Perisama'' Doubleday, 1849 (= ''Orophila'') * '' Antigonis'' Felder, 1861 (= ''Lincoya'') * '' Cyclogramma'' Doubleday 1847 * '' Haematera'' Doubleday, 1849 (= ''Callidula'') * '' Paulogramma'' Dillon, 1948 * ''

Catacore ''Catacore kolyma'', the Kolyma eighty-eight, is the only species in the genus ''Catacore''. It is a member of the brush-footed butterfly family and is found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Colombia to Peru , image_flag ...

'' Dillon, 1948

References

Sources

* Hill, R. I., Penz, C. M., & DeVries, P. J. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis and review of ''Panacea'' and ''Batesia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae). ''Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society'', 56, 199-215. * Jenkins, D. W. (1983). Neotropical Nymphalidae. I. Revision of ''Hamadryas''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum'', 81, 1-146. * Jenkins, D. W. (1984). Neotropical Nymphalidae. II. Revision of ''Myscelia''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 87, 1-64. * Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. III. Revision of ''Catonephele''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology'', 92, 1-65. * Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. IV. Revision of ''Ectima''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 95, 1-30. * Jenkins, D. W. (1986). Neotropical Nymphalidae. V. Revision of ''Epiphile''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 101, 1-70. * Jenkins, D. W. (1987). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VI. Revision of ''Asterope'' (=Callithea Auct.). ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology'', 114, 1-66. * Jenkins, D. W. (1989). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VII. Revision of ''Nessaea''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 125, 1-38. * Jenkins, D. W. (1990). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of ''Eunica''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum'', 131, 1-177.

External links

The higher classification of Nymphalidae, at Nymphalidae.net

at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'': Preliminary species list. Version of 18 March 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2007.

Misspelled as Biblinae. Images. In Japanese but with

binomial name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

s. {{Taxonbar, from=Q794596 - Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval Butterfly subfamilies