''Callicore'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

nymphalid The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have ...

butterfly found in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the

paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...

'' Catagramma'' assemblage. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights or numberwings like the related genera ''

Diaethria ''Diaethria'' is a brush-footed butterfly genus found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Mexico to Paraguay. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights like the related genera '' Callicore'' and '' Perisama'', in reference to ...

'' and ''

Perisama Perisama is a brush-footed butterfly genus found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Colombia and Venezuela to Argentina. Species Listed alphabetically by group and within groups:"''Perisama'' Doubleday,

'', in reference to the characteristic patterns on the hindwing undersides of many. In ''Callicore'', the pattern consists of bluish dots surrounded by black and looks more like "αB" or "8°", though some members of this genus have a completely different arrangement of dots. The forewing undersides vary little between species, being black with one or two broad orange-yellow bands in the basal part and one thin and one very faint yellowish band near the apex. '' C. hydarnis'' is listed as an endangered species">Callicore hydarnis">C. hydarnis'' is listed as an endangered species in Minas Gerais,

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

Species

Listed alphabetically within species groups:"''Callicore'' Hübner, [1819]"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' The ''atacama'' species group: * ''Callicore atacama">819]"">"''Callicore'' Hübner, [1819]"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' The ''atacama'' species group: * ''Callicore atacama'' (Hewitson, 1852) – yellow-banded eighty-eight * ''Callicore felderi'' (Hewitson, 1864) – 8-spot numberwing * ''Callicore hesperis'' (Guérin, 1844) – hesperis eighty-eight The ''cyllene'' species group: Catagramma''">ee '' Catagramma'' The ''cynosura'' species group: * ''

Callicore astarte ''Callicore astarte'', the Astarte eighty-eight, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Mexico south to Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It ...

'' (Cramer, 1779) – Astarte eighty-eight * ''

Callicore cynosura ''Callicore cynosura'', the BD butterfly or Cynosura eighty-eight, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The common name refers to the markings on the underside of the hindwings, which resemble the letters "B" and "D". It is found ...

'' (Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847) – Cynosura eighty-eight * '' Callicore excelsior'' (Hewitson, 1857) – excelsior eighty-eight or superb numberwing * '' Callicore ines'' (Hopp, 1922) * '' Callicore sorana'' (Godart, 1832) – Sorana eighty-eight The ''hydarnis'' species group: Catagramma''">ee '' Catagramma'' The ''hydaspes'' species group: Catagramma''">art See '' Catagramma''* '' Callicore brome'' (Doyère,

840 __NOTOC__ Year 840 (Roman numerals, DCCCXL) was a leap year starting on Thursday in the Julian calendar, the 840th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 840th year of the 1st millennium, the 40th year of the 9th cen ...

– four-spotted eighty-eight * '' Callicore lyca'' (Doubleday,

847 __NOTOC__ Year 847 ( DCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Danish Vikings land in the Breton March (western part of Gaul). Duke Nominoe of Brittany fails to withstand them ...

– Aegina numberwing * '' Callicore maronensis'' (Oberthür, 1916) The ' species group: * '' Callicore cyclops'' (Staudinger, 1891) * '' Callicore '' (Latreille, 1811) – two-eyed eighty-eight The ''texa'' species group: * '' Callicore texa'' (Hewitson, 1854) – Texa eighty-eight The ''tolima'' species group: Catagramma''">ee '' Catagramma'' Else: See '' Catagramma'' for: * '' Callicore pygas'' (Godart,

824 __NOTOC__ Year 824 ( DCCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By date * February 8 – The Tenchō era begins in Japan at the beginning of the reign of the Emperor Junna, bringing an end to the ...

– pygas eighty-eight (from ''cyllene'') * '' Callicore eunomia'' (Hewitson, 1853) – Eunomia eighty-eight (from ''tolima'') * '' Callicore hystaspes'' (Fabricius, 1781) – Hystaspes eighty-eight (from ''tolima'') * '' Callicore tolima'' (Hewitson, 1851) – blue-and-orange eighty-eight (from ''tolima'') *'' Callicore hydarnis'' (Godart,

(from ''hydarnis'') * '' Callicore hydaspes'' (Drury, 1782) – Hydaspes eighty-eight (from ''hydaspes'')

Gallery

File:Callicoreastarte.jpg, Astarte eighty-eight,
'' C. astarte'', upperside File:Callicoreaeginasalamis.jpg, Aegina numberwing,
'' C. l. salamis'', underside File:Callicoreeunomia.jpg, Eunomia eighty-eight,
'' C. eunomia'', underside File:Pastazzauns.jpg, Superb numberwing,
'' C. e. pastazza'', underside File:NymphalidOslo.jpg, Cynosura eighty-eight,
'' C. cynosura'', underside Callicore pygas, Iguazu Falls Brazil.jpg, Pygas eighty-eight,
('' C. pygas'')

Iguazu Falls Iguazú Falls or Iguaçu Falls ( , ; ; Tupi: Y Ûasu "big water") are waterfalls of the Iguazu River on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná. Together, they make up the largest waterfall sys ...

References

* Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., & Brown, K. S., Jr. (1998). Butterflies (Lepidoptera) considered as threatened in Minas Gerais, Brazil (in Portuguese). ''Revista Brasileira de Zoologia'', 15(1), 241-259. * Garwood, K. M., Lehman, Carter, W., & Carter, G. (2007). ''Butterflies of Southern Amazonia''. Mission, Texas: Neotropical Butterflies. * Lamas, G., ed. 2004. ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea''. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera.

External links

images representing ''Callicore''
at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

''Callicore''
Tree of Life

in Japanese but with

binomial name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, altho ...

s. {{Taxonbar, from=Q258624 Biblidinae Nymphalidae of South America Nymphalidae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner Taxa described in 1819