Mount Terra Nova is a snow-covered mountain, high, between Mount Erebus and Mount Terror volcanoes on

Ross Island Ross Island is an island in Antarctica lying on the east side of McMurdo Sound and extending from Cape Bird in the north to Cape Armitage in the south, and a similar distance from Cape Royds in the west to Cape Crozier in the east. The isl ...

in Antarctica. It was first mapped by the

British National Antarctic Expedition The ''Discovery'' Expedition of 1901–1904, known officially as the British National Antarctic Expedition, was the first official British exploration of the Antarctic regions since the voyage of James Clark Ross sixty years earlier (1839–1 ...

(BrNAE) 1901–04, and named for the '' Terra Nova'', relief ship for this expedition and the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13.

Location

Mount Terra Nova lies between Mount Erebus to the west and Mount Terror to the east. It is south of Lewis Bay and north of Windless Bight. The Aurora Glacier and Terror Glacier drain its southern slopes.

Geology

Mount Terra Nova is a dormant volcano. It is in the Erebus province of the McMurdo Volcanic Group. The blue-ice area at the summit has a diverse range of

tephra Tephra is fragmental material produced by a Volcano, volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism. Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, ...

. A 2014 study found seven layers: two phonolitic, one trachybasaltic, one trachytic, and two with a mixture of

basanite Basanite () is an igneous, volcanic ( extrusive) rock with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. It is composed mostly of feldspathoids, pyroxenes, olivine, and calcic plagioclase and forms from magma low in silica and enriched in alkali metal ox ...

trachybasalt Trachybasalt is a volcanic rock with a composition between trachyte and basalt. It resembles basalt but has a high content of alkali metal oxides. Minerals in trachybasalt include alkali feldspar, calcic plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene and l ...

phonolite Phonolite is an uncommon shallow intrusive or extrusive rock, of intermediate chemical composition between felsic and mafic, with texture ranging from aphanitic (fine-grained) to porphyritic (mixed fine- and coarse-grained). Phonolite is a var ...

, and

trachyte Trachyte () is an extrusive igneous rock composed mostly of alkali feldspar. It is usually light-colored and aphanite, aphanitic (fine-grained), with minor amounts of mafic minerals, and is formed by the rapid cooling of lava (or shallow intrus ...

glass shards. Immediately below the summit there are outcrops of

basalt Basalt (; ) is an aphanite, aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the planetary surface, surface of a terrestrial ...

olivine The mineral olivine () is a magnesium iron Silicate minerals, silicate with the chemical formula . It is a type of Nesosilicates, nesosilicate or orthosilicate. The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle (Earth), upper mantle, it is a com ...

basalt, and

scoria Scoria or cinder is a pyroclastic, highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as a molten blob and cooled in the air to form discrete grains called clasts.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackso ...

. Most of the outcrops are covered in basalt,

, and scoria glacial rubble. Lower down on the mountain there are some partially dissected vents and some flows of olivine basalt, basalt, scoria, and pyroclastics.

Seismic activity

Between 1983 and 1984 a network of ten stations on Ross Island recorded 157 small earthquakes. An analysis of epicenters showed a linear pattern cutting across and beyond the island. Most of this activity was below Mount Terra Nova. The depths were from , with an average depth of .

References

Sources

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