''Caldcluvia'' is a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

in the family

Cunoniaceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...

with the only species ''Caldcluvia paniculata'', known as tiaca, an

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...

tree native to

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

. It is found from Ñuble to Aisén (36 to 45°S). Most species that were previously placed in the genus are now placed in ''

Ackama ''Ackama'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cunoniaceae, native to Australia ( New South Wales, Queensland) and north New Zealand. The genus was first described by Allan Cunningham in 1839. Species , Plants of the World Online ...

'', ''

Opocunonia ''Opocunonia'' is a monotypic genus of trees in the family Cunoniaceae. Its only species is ''Opocunonia nymanii'', synonym ''Caldcluvia nymanii''. It is native to New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago The Bismarck Archipelago (, ) is a gro ...

'' and '' Spiraeopsis''.

Description

''Caldcluvia paniculata'' can grow up to 20 m (65 ft) in height and up to 60 cm (24 in) in diameter. The bark is grayish brown. The leaves are

opposite Opposite or Opposites may refer to: * Opposite (semantics), a word that means the reverse of a word * Opposite (leaf), an arrangement of leaves on a stem * Opposite (mathematics), the negative of a number; numbers that, when added, yield zero *"T ...

ly arranged, toothed edge, oblong and lanceolate shaped. 7-15 long, 2–4 cm wide, with the apex and base acute. Glossy green above and whitish and somewhat hairy below, the petioles are fluted and hairy about 0-7-1 cm long. The white flowers clustered in axillary

peduncle Peduncle may refer to: *Peduncle (botany), a stalk supporting an inflorescence, which is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed *Peduncle (anatomy), a stem, through which a mass of tissue is attached to a body **Peduncle (art ...

s are

hermaphrodite In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes. Many taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrates) do not have ...

, peduncles and

pedicels In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence. Such inflorescences are described as ''pedicellate''. Description Pedicel refers to a structure connecting a single flower to its inflorescence. In the absenc ...

are hairy, 4-5 hairy

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined ...

s and more or less imbricate, 4 –5 petals alternate to the sepals. 8-10

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

s, 2 styles. The fruit is an acuminate capsule, hairy and crowned by persistent styles, inside them there are dark brown seeds about 1 mm long. The tree requires wet climate, tolerates up to 40% shade, and may need partial shade in some locations. It is classified in USDA Hardiness Zone 9. Germination from seeds is less than 30%.

Taxonomy

''Caldcluvia'' was named after Scottish botanist

Alexander Caldcleugh Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...

, who travelled to South America between 1819–1825; he collected plants for

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,10 ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...

. ,

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants ...

accepted only one species, ''Caldcluvia paniculata''. The epithet ''paniculata'', or panicled, means "with

panicle A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is ...

s".

Cultivation and uses

The leaves are used as

herbal tea Herbal teas, also known as herbal infusions and less commonly called tisanes (UK and US , US also ), are beverages made from the infusion or decoction of herbs, spices, or other plant material in hot water. Oftentimes herb tea, or the plain term ...

for the treatment of colds and stomach disorders. It has been planted in

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label=Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. North ...

References

External links

* * * {{Taxonbar, from1=Q5018982, from2=Q5018979 Cunoniaceae Oxalidales genera Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles