The Calcutta Group was a group of

modern art Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the tradi ...

ists in

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

, formed in 1943 in

Kolkata Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...

. It has the distinction of being the first artistic movement of its kind in both Bengal and all of India. Though short-lived – the group disbanded in 1953 – the Calcutta Group was instrumental in the transformation of contemporary Indian art and brought this genre onto the world stage.

Members

Core Members (1943)

Subho Tagore Subho Tagore, full name Subhagendranath Tagore (Bengali language, Bengali: সুভো ঠাকুর) (January 3, 1912 – July 17, 1985), was the great-grandson of Maharshi Debendranath Tagore. He was a painter, poet, magazine editor and ar ...

Nirode Mazumdar Nirode Mazumdar (11 May 1916 – 26 September 1982) was an Indian people, Indian painter from the first generation of modernists, and a key member of the Calcutta Group. Almost a forgotten figure today, he strode the art scenario from the 40's l ...

* Rathin Moitra * Prankrishna Pal * Gopal Ghosh * Paritosh Sen * Pradosh Das Gupta *

Kamala Das Gupta Kamala Das Gupta (11 March 1907 – 19 July 2000) was an Indian freedom fighter. Early life Das Gupta was born in 1907, to a Vaidya family of Bikrampur in Dhaka, now in Bangladesh; the family later moved to Calcutta, where she got a Master of ...

Additional Members

Abani Sen Abani may refer to: * Abani (name) *''Abani Bari Achho Abani Bari Achho () is a poem by Shakti Chattopadhyay Shakti Chattopadhyay (25 November 1933 – 23 March 1995) was an Indian poet and writer who wrote in Bengali. He is known for his rea ...

(1947) *

Gobardhan Ash Gobardhan Ash (5 August 1907 - 22 December 1996) was an Indian artist and an early modernist as per the art critic Sovom Som. Ebrahim Alkazi states that "''Gobardhan wielded considerable influence as an artist in the 1940s''". He co-founded th ...

(1950) *

Sunil Madhav Sen Sunil (सुनील) is a first name for males, often found in the South Asian community. The Sanskrit word ' means "dark", "very blue", and is also an epithet of Krishna. Notable people * Sunil (actor), Indian Telugu film actor * Sunil (d ...

(1952) * Hemant Misra (1950)

Formation

Subho Tagore, nephew of Abanindranath Tagore and Grand-nephew of

Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore (; bn, রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He resh ...

, was a budding artist who studied art at the Government College of Art & Craft. After traveling to London for a few years in order to hone his artistic skills, he moved back to India with the idea of creating a group for plastic artists. Along with fellow painters Nirode Mazumdar, Rathin Maitra, Prankrishna Pal and Gopal Ghosh, he formally created the Calcutta Group in 1943. Later that year, another painter, Paritosh Sen, along with sculptors Pradosh Das Gupta, Kamala Das Gupta joined the society. These eight members were known as the organization's core, as well as the driving force behind it. Over the years, other artists joined the group as well including Abani Sen in 1947, Gobardhan Ash in 1950, Sunil Madhav Sen in 1952, and Hemanta Mistra in 1953.

Philosophy

During this period of time, Bengal - a state in India, home to many of the group's members - had been facing many tragedies including wars, famines, massacres, and even the partition of the country. Stemming from these events, the members of the Calcutta Group focused not on aesthetic, but on the social and political realities of the state and nation at the time. Many of the group's members were actually sympathetic towards the Communist Party that was making its way through India and some were even militants themselves. The group's manifesto was a synthesis of all of these ideas that stressed two main points: renouncement of religion in art and creation of opportunities for Indian art to modernize. The first idea was meant to remove the evils of demagoguery and elitism and produce works that focused on the population as a whole. However, the dismissal of works based n Hindu mythology came across as anti-religious and even atheist and therefore shocked many, leading to the moniker "Artistic Scandal".

Sources

* Partha Mitter, ''Indian Art (Oxford History of Art)'', Oxford University Press (2001), - page 193 * Krishna Dutta, ''Calcutta: A Cultural and Literary History (Cities of the Imagination)'', Interlink (2003), - page 233 * Nercam Nicolas, "Le clan des Tagore, de l'École du Bengale au Groupe de Calcutta" ''Arts asiatiques (''tome 60, 2005) - page 16 * Rebecca M. Brown, ''Art For a Modern India, 1947-1980'', Duke University Press (2009), - page 14

External links

Article on Calcutta Group by Saffronart

''Hilarious treatment of protagonists'' (exhibition by Paritosh Sen), The Telegraph, 5 May 2006
{{Modernism Indian artist groups and collectives 20th century in Kolkata 1940s in India